【摘要】：陶瓷是生活和生產(chǎn)不可缺少的材料,陶瓷的缺陷會嚴重影響陶瓷的質(zhì)量,陶瓷圓環(huán)和方形陶瓷管因體積小、批量大給生產(chǎn)過程中的檢測帶來較大的難度。傳統(tǒng)的陶瓷零件檢測依靠人工肉眼檢測,檢測效率低、穩(wěn)定性差、容易出現(xiàn)誤檢和漏檢現(xiàn)象。近年來,基于聲光電等的無損檢測方法在陶瓷缺陷檢測中引起了高度關(guān)注。本文采用機器視覺的辦法,針對陶瓷圓環(huán)或方形陶瓷管的缺陷檢測,探討一種陶瓷零件缺陷的在線視覺檢測方法,主要內(nèi)容包括:1)在線檢測系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計,主要包括:圖像采集單元、運動控制單元、圖像處理單元、人機交互單元等,通過將機械、電機、光學、機器視覺等相關(guān)的理論知識和實際應用相結(jié)合,設(shè)計并實現(xiàn)陶瓷零件缺陷的機器視覺檢測系統(tǒng),可實現(xiàn)對陶瓷圓環(huán)和方形陶瓷管缺陷的檢測。2)陶瓷圓環(huán)檢測算法研究,采用投影法+Hough變換的方法對圓形陶瓷進行檢測,根據(jù)圓形的幾何特征,利用投影法對圖像進行兩次一維掃描就可以得到圓形的圓心坐標,根據(jù)Hough變換來對半徑進行求解。3)方形陶瓷管檢測算法研究,采用投影法+局部分塊的方法研究方形陶瓷管的檢測方法,利用有效區(qū)域來獲取圖像中的方形陶瓷管,通過方形陶瓷管的重心加權(quán)來對其進行傾斜度調(diào)整,利用局部分塊將方形陶瓷管分成多塊,分別判斷各塊的特征來對其進行缺陷檢測。實驗結(jié)果表明,采用投影法+Hough變換的方法便于檢測同心圓,可將Hough變換中參數(shù)的三維累計轉(zhuǎn)換為一維累計,減少算法耗時,采用投影法+局部分塊的方法簡化了方形陶瓷管的檢測過程,同時也保證了檢測正確率。實驗數(shù)據(jù)表明,陶瓷零件缺陷檢測算法耗時83ms,能夠達到陶瓷圓環(huán)零件的10Hz檢測速度要求。
[Abstract]:Ceramics are indispensable materials for life and production. The defects of ceramics will seriously affect the quality of ceramics. Because of the small volume of ceramic torus and square ceramic tubes, large batches of ceramic tubes have brought great difficulty in testing in the process of production. The traditional detection of ceramic parts depends on artificial eye detection. The detection efficiency is low, the stability is poor, and it is easy to appear the phenomenon of false detection and missed detection. In recent years, non-destructive testing methods based on acoustic and optoelectronic have attracted much attention in ceramic defect detection. In this paper, the method of machine vision is adopted to detect the defects of ceramic torus or square ceramic tubes, and an on-line visual inspection method of ceramic parts defects is discussed. The main contents are as follows: 1) the design of on-line inspection system. It mainly includes: image acquisition unit, motion control unit, image processing unit, human-computer interaction unit, etc., through the combination of mechanical, motor, optical, machine vision and other related theoretical knowledge and practical application, The machine vision inspection system of ceramic parts defects is designed and realized, which can detect the defects of ceramic rings and square ceramic tubes. 2) the detection algorithm of ceramic rings is studied, and the method of Hough transformation is used to detect the circular ceramics. According to the geometric characteristics of the circle, the circular center coordinates can be obtained by two one-dimensional scanning of the image by using the projection method, and the radius can be solved according to the Hough transform. 3) the detection algorithm of the square ceramic tube is studied. The detection method of square ceramic tube is studied by using projection method, the effective region is used to obtain the square ceramic tube in the image, and the inclination of square ceramic tube is adjusted by weighting the center of gravity of the square ceramic tube. The square ceramic tube is divided into several blocks by local block, and the characteristics of each block are judged to detect the defects. The experimental results show that the method of Hough transform is convenient to detect concentric circle, and the three-dimensional accumulation of parameters in Hough transform can be converted into one-dimensional accumulation, thus reducing the time-consuming of the algorithm. The projection method is used to simplify the detection process of the square ceramic tube and to ensure the correct detection rate at the same time. The experimental data show that the defect detection algorithm of ceramic parts takes 83 Ms and can meet the requirement of 10Hz detection speed of ceramic ring parts.
【學位授予單位】：長沙理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TQ174.66;TP391.41

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