星敏感器星圖降噪預(yù)處理及其硬件實(shí)現(xiàn)
[Abstract]:At present, the attitude measurement of spacecraft using star sensor is the most accurate. Compared with other types of attitude sensors the attitude determination of the spacecraft can be carried out without gyroscope due to its strong autonomy and no attitude accumulation error. Star coordinate extraction is one of the key steps in the development of star sensor. The precision of constant star image coordinate extraction is an important index to evaluate the performance of star sensor. In this dissertation, the star image filtering algorithm is studied based on the preprocessing of star image denoising and improving the precision of star image coordinate extraction. Based on the analysis of the present research and development situation at home and abroad, the following work has been accomplished: in this paper, the working principle and hardware structure of the star sensor are described, and the attitude measurement accuracy of the satellite sensor is analyzed. The main precision indexes of star sensor are listed. The factors that affect the precision of attitude measurement of star sensor are analyzed, including the limitation of sensor pixel size and the error caused by measurement. For the latter, there are mainly three kinds of errors, namely, optical system error, algorithm error and noise error. Then, the methods to improve the accuracy of star sensor are expounded, including advanced calibration technology, optimization algorithm, noise suppression and pre-processing of star map. In this paper, several filtering methods are compared, and two dimensional FIR filter, which is more suitable for star map filtering, is selected as the preprocessing method of star map. Two dimensional FIR filters of order 25 (5 ~ 5) are designed by using window function method and frequency sampling method respectively. The parameters of the filter are processed by the upper computer, and the spectrum of the star map before and after filtering is analyzed. The filtering effect is analyzed. The filtered star map of the filter designed by these two methods is analyzed by spectrum analysis, and the filtering effect is compared. In order to better explain the influence of filter order on filtering effect, a 2-D FIR filter of order 9 (3 ~ 3) is designed by frequency sampling method. The filter effect of 25 (5 ~ 5) order 2-D FIR filter designed by frequency sampling method is compared and analyzed, and a conclusion is drawn. According to the theoretical analysis and simulation experiment, the parameters of 25 order (5 ~ 5) 2-D FIR filter designed by frequency sampling method are selected in this paper. The filter module is compiled by VHDL language, and the module is successfully debugged and integrated into the system. The star map denoising is preprocessed. The satellite image coordinate extracted by FPGA is uploaded to the upper computer, and the result of coordinate extraction is compared with that of the coordinate extraction without FIR filter module, and the experimental data obtained are analyzed. The experimental results show that after the star map filtering, the high frequency noise filtering effect is remarkable, and the extraction accuracy of the constant star image coordinates is improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號】:V448.22;TP391.41
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