激光干涉粒子成像及信息提取方法研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-13 10:28
【摘要】：隨著國防工業(yè)及航空航天技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展,對高性能航空航天發(fā)動機(jī)提升其最大推力和推重比的需求日益迫切。其中,燃料霧化后的粒徑大小及其分布對發(fā)動機(jī)的性能有著重要的影響。目前,激光干涉粒子成像技術(shù)作為一種能夠更有效、實(shí)時地測量大范圍、多分散性霧化場的測量方法,已成為霧化場粒子檢測的最有效手段之一,其測量精度主要依賴于圖像信息提取的準(zhǔn)確度。激光干涉粒子成像技術(shù)將片狀激光束照射粒子噴霧場,并用高速CCD相機(jī)在成像透鏡的離焦面上采集粒子的散射光圖像。粒子的0階反射光和1階折射光將在CCD相機(jī)上產(chǎn)生干涉條紋,通過對干涉圖像的分析可實(shí)現(xiàn)對該粒子的尺寸測量。本文在現(xiàn)有激光干涉粒子成像測量方法的基礎(chǔ)上,提出一種基于形態(tài)學(xué)-霍夫變換和傅里葉變換的粒子干涉圖像處理算法,從粒子識別的角度改進(jìn)信息提取的效果,以達(dá)到提高測量精度的目的;建立了激光干涉粒子成像測量光路模型,仿真分析了模型參數(shù)對激光干涉粒子成像測量結(jié)果的影響,驗(yàn)證了該信息提取算法的可行性,最后在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)粒子場和水噴霧場搭建粒徑測量光路,進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。論文的主要研究內(nèi)容如下:1.根據(jù)激光干涉粒子成像測量原理研究幾何光學(xué)模型關(guān)鍵參數(shù)對測量結(jié)果的影響規(guī)律。利用Mie散射理論和Debye級數(shù)展開模型,計算粒子散射光的光強(qiáng)隨散射角的振蕩分布特性,探究粒子的散射光強(qiáng)與粒子直徑的關(guān)系。對激光干涉粒子成像測量技術(shù)的光路模型進(jìn)行分析,基于幾何光學(xué)近似模型采用相位差法和楊氏干涉法推導(dǎo)該技術(shù)中粒徑的計算公式。仿真分析入射光波長、散射角、折射率和收集角對測量結(jié)果的影響。2.對粒子場的干涉粒子圖像進(jìn)行粒子中心位置和頻率信息提取。首先,提出基于形態(tài)學(xué)-霍夫變換的干涉條紋圖識別算法和基于傅里葉變換的條紋頻率提取算法,通過改進(jìn)的粒子干涉條紋圖識別算法來實(shí)現(xiàn)重疊粒子的準(zhǔn)確識別,進(jìn)而提高粒子測量精度;其次,利用兩種算法對基本圓和干涉條紋進(jìn)行仿真驗(yàn)證和分析,得到正確的中心坐標(biāo)和條紋頻率;最后,對不同濃度的粒子場中干涉粒子圖像進(jìn)行仿真驗(yàn)證,對視場中粒子數(shù)分別為10、30和50的粒子場均能完全識別。3.搭建激光干涉粒子成像測量光路,在散射角?(28)68.96°處對直徑為24μm的聚苯乙烯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)粒子場進(jìn)行粒子直徑的測量,測量結(jié)果的絕對誤差為0.4μm。利用CCD相機(jī)粒徑測量法和激光干涉粒子成像測量方法對400μm離心式噴孔在不同壓力下的霧化場進(jìn)行測量實(shí)驗(yàn),通過粒徑分布和SMD值對測量結(jié)果進(jìn)行評價。在三個不同壓力值下,對同一位置分別采用這兩種方法進(jìn)行粒徑測量,在同一壓力值下,兩種方法所得到的粒徑分布整體一致,對應(yīng)的SMD值的差值小于2.4μm。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of national defense industry and aerospace technology, it is increasingly urgent to improve the maximum thrust and push-weight ratio of high-performance aerospace engines. The particle size and distribution after fuel atomization have an important effect on engine performance. At present, laser interference particle imaging is one of the most effective methods for particle detection in the atomization field, which can be used to measure the atomizing field in large range and in real time. The measurement accuracy mainly depends on the accuracy of image information extraction. Laser interferometric particle imaging technology irradiates the particle spray field with a flaky laser beam and collects the scattered light images of the particles on the defocus plane of the imaging lens with a high-speed CCD camera. The zero order reflected light and the first order refraction light of the particle will produce interference fringes on the CCD camera. The size of the particle can be measured by analyzing the interference image. In this paper, based on the existing laser interferometric particle imaging measurement methods, a particle interference image processing algorithm based on Morphology-Hough transform and Fourier transform is proposed to improve the effect of information extraction from the point of view of particle recognition. In order to achieve the purpose of improving the measurement accuracy; The optical path model of laser interference particle imaging measurement is established, and the influence of model parameters on the measurement results of laser interference particle imaging is simulated and analyzed, which verifies the feasibility of the information extraction algorithm. Finally, the light path of particle size measurement is built in standard particle field and water spray field, and the experimental results are verified. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. According to the principle of laser interferometric particle imaging, the influence of key parameters of geometric optical model on the measurement results is studied. Using the Mie scattering theory and the Debye series expansion model, the oscillatory distribution characteristics of the scattering light intensity with the scattering angle are calculated, and the relationship between the scattering light intensity and the particle diameter is investigated. The optical path model of laser interferometric particle imaging measurement technology is analyzed. Based on the geometric optical approximation model, the formula for calculating the particle size in this technique is derived by using the phase difference method and the Young's interferometry method. The influence of incident wavelength, scattering angle, refractive index and collecting angle on the measurement results is analyzed by simulation. 2. The information of particle center and frequency is extracted from the interference particle image of particle field. Firstly, an interferometric fringe pattern recognition algorithm based on Morphology-Hough transform and a fringe frequency extraction algorithm based on Fourier transform are proposed. The improved particle interference fringe pattern recognition algorithm is used to accurately identify overlapping particles. And then improve the precision of particle measurement; Secondly, two algorithms are used to verify and analyze the basic circle and interference fringes, and the correct center coordinates and fringe frequencies are obtained. Finally, the interference particle images of different concentrations of particles are simulated and verified. The particle fields with 1030 and 50 particles in the field can be fully recognized. A laser interferometric particle imaging measurement path was constructed to measure the particle diameter of polystyrene standard particle field with a diameter of 24 渭 m at the scattering angle of? (28) 68.96 擄. The absolute error of the measurement results was 0.4 渭 m. The particle size measurement method of CCD camera and the particle imaging method of laser interference were used to measure the atomization field of 400 渭 m centrifugal nozzle at different pressure. The measurement results were evaluated by particle size distribution and SMD value. Under three different pressure values, the two methods are used to measure the particle size at the same position. Under the same pressure, the particle size distribution obtained by the two methods is the same, and the difference of the corresponding SMD value is less than 2. 4 渭 m.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP391.41
本文編號：2376390
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of national defense industry and aerospace technology, it is increasingly urgent to improve the maximum thrust and push-weight ratio of high-performance aerospace engines. The particle size and distribution after fuel atomization have an important effect on engine performance. At present, laser interference particle imaging is one of the most effective methods for particle detection in the atomization field, which can be used to measure the atomizing field in large range and in real time. The measurement accuracy mainly depends on the accuracy of image information extraction. Laser interferometric particle imaging technology irradiates the particle spray field with a flaky laser beam and collects the scattered light images of the particles on the defocus plane of the imaging lens with a high-speed CCD camera. The zero order reflected light and the first order refraction light of the particle will produce interference fringes on the CCD camera. The size of the particle can be measured by analyzing the interference image. In this paper, based on the existing laser interferometric particle imaging measurement methods, a particle interference image processing algorithm based on Morphology-Hough transform and Fourier transform is proposed to improve the effect of information extraction from the point of view of particle recognition. In order to achieve the purpose of improving the measurement accuracy; The optical path model of laser interference particle imaging measurement is established, and the influence of model parameters on the measurement results of laser interference particle imaging is simulated and analyzed, which verifies the feasibility of the information extraction algorithm. Finally, the light path of particle size measurement is built in standard particle field and water spray field, and the experimental results are verified. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. According to the principle of laser interferometric particle imaging, the influence of key parameters of geometric optical model on the measurement results is studied. Using the Mie scattering theory and the Debye series expansion model, the oscillatory distribution characteristics of the scattering light intensity with the scattering angle are calculated, and the relationship between the scattering light intensity and the particle diameter is investigated. The optical path model of laser interferometric particle imaging measurement technology is analyzed. Based on the geometric optical approximation model, the formula for calculating the particle size in this technique is derived by using the phase difference method and the Young's interferometry method. The influence of incident wavelength, scattering angle, refractive index and collecting angle on the measurement results is analyzed by simulation. 2. The information of particle center and frequency is extracted from the interference particle image of particle field. Firstly, an interferometric fringe pattern recognition algorithm based on Morphology-Hough transform and a fringe frequency extraction algorithm based on Fourier transform are proposed. The improved particle interference fringe pattern recognition algorithm is used to accurately identify overlapping particles. And then improve the precision of particle measurement; Secondly, two algorithms are used to verify and analyze the basic circle and interference fringes, and the correct center coordinates and fringe frequencies are obtained. Finally, the interference particle images of different concentrations of particles are simulated and verified. The particle fields with 1030 and 50 particles in the field can be fully recognized. A laser interferometric particle imaging measurement path was constructed to measure the particle diameter of polystyrene standard particle field with a diameter of 24 渭 m at the scattering angle of? (28) 68.96 擄. The absolute error of the measurement results was 0.4 渭 m. The particle size measurement method of CCD camera and the particle imaging method of laser interference were used to measure the atomization field of 400 渭 m centrifugal nozzle at different pressure. The measurement results were evaluated by particle size distribution and SMD value. Under three different pressure values, the two methods are used to measure the particle size at the same position. Under the same pressure, the particle size distribution obtained by the two methods is the same, and the difference of the corresponding SMD value is less than 2. 4 渭 m.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP391.41
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，本文編號：2376390
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