【摘要】：為了解決當(dāng)前大城市出現(xiàn)的交通擁堵問題,公共交通的建設(shè)發(fā)展應(yīng)該擺在重要位置。在優(yōu)先發(fā)展公交的過程中,全面、準(zhǔn)確的對(duì)已有公交數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行管理和挖掘分析,可以為公交規(guī)劃以及線網(wǎng)優(yōu)化提供參考。智能交通技術(shù)的不斷成熟和發(fā)展促使城市交通領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)生大量數(shù)據(jù),可視化技術(shù)在分析和利用交通大數(shù)據(jù),發(fā)現(xiàn)交通問題以及輔助決策方面起到明顯的作用,成為智能交通領(lǐng)域一項(xiàng)新熱點(diǎn),對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)處理和計(jì)算統(tǒng)計(jì)后將結(jié)果進(jìn)行有效的可視化表達(dá),并結(jié)合人的視覺感知達(dá)到分析的效果。本文以北京市為例,結(jié)合GIS空間分析方法對(duì)北京市公交線路和站點(diǎn)等矢量數(shù)據(jù)以及IC卡記錄進(jìn)行處理,并運(yùn)用地圖可視化方法對(duì)處理后的公交數(shù)據(jù)可視化展示,本文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容有:1.從公交大數(shù)據(jù)、空間數(shù)據(jù)挖掘、空間分析、數(shù)據(jù)可視化四個(gè)方面,研究了公交數(shù)據(jù)可視化分析應(yīng)用實(shí)現(xiàn)所涉及的相關(guān)理論技術(shù),通過對(duì)大數(shù)據(jù)處理架構(gòu)的研究確定了本文研究的步驟即數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)備、可視化預(yù)處理(信息挖掘)、可視化實(shí)現(xiàn);然后研究了數(shù)據(jù)處理和分析階段需要用到的數(shù)據(jù)挖掘和空間分析的知識(shí);最后對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)可視化進(jìn)行介紹,闡述了幾種可視化方法的應(yīng)用特點(diǎn)。2.針對(duì)公交數(shù)據(jù)中屬性數(shù)據(jù)的特點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)表格對(duì)原數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行存儲(chǔ),在此基礎(chǔ)上根據(jù)需求進(jìn)行可視化預(yù)處理。提出基于道路的公交線路分布并設(shè)計(jì)了公交線路與主干路網(wǎng)的匹配,得到線路和道路在空間位置上的定量關(guān)系;設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)了客流信息挖掘的流程,包括上下車站點(diǎn)線路方向的判斷和乘客換乘行為的識(shí)別從而方便后續(xù)的客流統(tǒng)計(jì)分析;利用已有的站點(diǎn)和線路等數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)北京市公交便捷性現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),使用ArcGIS軟件的空間分析能力計(jì)算出各個(gè)區(qū)域的便捷性評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)值。3.設(shè)計(jì)了可視化應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)的總體架構(gòu),利用開源的圖表庫(kù)D3.js和地圖庫(kù)leaflet.js、Cesium等HTML技術(shù)以北京公交數(shù)據(jù)為例進(jìn)行可視化分析。針對(duì)不同數(shù)據(jù)的特點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)合適的可視化方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了公交便捷性指標(biāo)、區(qū)域出行統(tǒng)計(jì)、線路分布和站點(diǎn)客流的可視化分析以及歷史客流數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計(jì)功能,分析結(jié)果可以促進(jìn)公交數(shù)據(jù)的有效利用,輔助相關(guān)部門的決策。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the problem of traffic congestion in large cities, the construction and development of public transport should be placed in an important position. In the process of giving priority to the development of public transport, comprehensive and accurate management and mining analysis of the existing public transport data can provide a reference for bus planning and network optimization. The continuous maturity and development of intelligent transportation technology promote the production of a large amount of data in the field of urban transportation. Visualization technology plays an obvious role in analyzing and utilizing traffic big data, finding traffic problems and assisting decision-making. It has become a new hot spot in the field of intelligent transportation. After data processing and statistical calculation, the results can be visualized and analyzed in combination with human visual perception. In this paper, taking Beijing as an example, the vector data and IC card records of bus routes and stations in Beijing are processed with GIS spatial analysis method, and the visualization method of map is used to visualize the processed public transport data. The main content of this paper is: 1. From four aspects of big data, spatial data mining, spatial analysis and data visualization, this paper studies the related theory and technology involved in the application of bus data visualization analysis. Through the study of big data processing structure, the steps of this paper are data preparation, visual preprocessing (information mining) and visualization realization. Then it studies the knowledge of data mining and spatial analysis in data processing and analysis stage, and finally introduces the data visualization, and expounds the application characteristics of several visualization methods. According to the characteristics of attribute data in bus data, the data table is designed to store the original data, and based on this, the visual preprocessing is carried out according to the demand. The paper puts forward the distribution of public transportation line based on road and designs the matching between bus line and trunk road network, obtains the quantitative relation of route and road in space position, designs and realizes the flow chart of passenger flow information mining. Including the determination of route direction and the identification of passenger transfer behavior at the bus stop, so as to facilitate the subsequent statistical analysis of passenger flow; using existing data such as stations and routes to evaluate the status quo of public transport convenience in Beijing. Use the spatial analysis ability of ArcGIS software to calculate the convenience evaluation index value of each region. 3. The overall framework of visual application system is designed, and the visual analysis of Beijing bus data is carried out by using HTML technology such as open source chart library D3.js and map library leaflet.js,Cesium. According to the characteristics of different data, a suitable visualization method is designed to achieve the functions of public transport convenience index, regional travel statistics, line distribution and station passenger flow visualization analysis, and historical passenger flow data statistics. The analysis results can promote the effective use of public transport data and assist the decision of relevant departments.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U495;P208

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本文編號(hào)：2257520