【摘要】：作為城市的基本生活單元,城市居住區(qū)從規(guī)劃、建設到建成管理,一般作為相對獨立的管理區(qū)域,內(nèi)部多種功能系統(tǒng)協(xié)調(diào)運作,對外有明確的界線以及交換接口,是城市空間中典型的地理單元,也是三維數(shù)字城市建模中的基本空間單元之一。然而,目前在三維數(shù)字城市建設及相關的研究中,對于宏觀尺度的三維城市研究及微觀尺度的三維建筑物研究都已經(jīng)得到廣泛開展,針對中小尺度的三維城市居住區(qū)建模方面的研究卻明顯不足。城市居住區(qū)的地理實體種類分化更細,功能相對明確,具有系統(tǒng)性的特征,其數(shù)據(jù)模型與城市數(shù)據(jù)模型有一定的差異。居住區(qū)要表達的人工地形較多,微觀地形較為復雜,這是大范圍城市模型難以細節(jié)表示的,而微觀地理實體模型更是缺乏對多種地理實體模型邊界表達。因此,城市居住區(qū)數(shù)據(jù)模型設計和微觀地形表達是居住區(qū)三維建模的重要內(nèi)容。此外,在三維數(shù)據(jù)獲取方面,當前研究應用所采用的主要方法是基于現(xiàn)實對象采樣進而構建三維模型,如現(xiàn)場測繪、激光雷達、攝影測量等諸多方法,但是對含有豐富三維信息的施工圖的研究利用還遠遠不夠。本文針對目前城市居住區(qū)尺度下三維研究匱乏的現(xiàn)狀,以城市居住區(qū)三維信息建模為研究對象,以施工圖為三維數(shù)據(jù)獲取來源,開展基于施工圖的居住區(qū)三維建模方法研究,主要的研究內(nèi)容及成果:1、城市居住區(qū)概念模型構建從居住區(qū)用地、地理實體和功能系統(tǒng)三個方面對居住區(qū)構成要素進行歸納和分析,并充分挖掘居住區(qū)地理實體所包含的語義、幾何、關系、屬性等幾方面的信息,構建顧及語義與關系特征的城市居住區(qū)概念模型。2、基于施工圖的居住區(qū)構成要素信息提取方法研究分析了居住區(qū)施工圖圖紙的內(nèi)容和信息表達特征,提出了針對居住區(qū)地理實體、用地和系統(tǒng)三個方面要素的自動化信息提取方法,探索了居住區(qū)施工圖原始數(shù)據(jù)、地理實體數(shù)據(jù)、用地數(shù)據(jù)和功能系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)的存儲方法。3、基于施工圖的居住區(qū)建模方法研究根據(jù)居住區(qū)人工地表微地形“不變”、“漸變”與“突變”三種特征和地形要素在圖紙上的表達方式,提出了基于地形單元劃分的居住區(qū)地形三維建模方法。此外,針對建筑物、道路、公共環(huán)境設施、植物、水體等地理實體的不同特征,分別采用不同方法構建三維模型,并以用地單元為邊界,實現(xiàn)了不同地塊上地理實體的集成三維建模,以及不同功能系統(tǒng)的集成三維建模,最終實現(xiàn)居住區(qū)整體三維建模。通過實證研究表明,本文提出的城市居住區(qū)數(shù)據(jù)模型能夠有效支持居住區(qū)三維建模;提出的基于施工圖數(shù)據(jù)的信息提取方法能夠在少量人工輔助下有效挖掘平面圖紙數(shù)據(jù)上的語義、幾何、定位、關系、屬性信息,實現(xiàn)地理實體的識別與信息提取;基于施工圖的城市居住區(qū)三維建模方法和建模結果能夠滿足在居住區(qū)尺度上的模型可視化和模型應用需求,具有一定的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。
[Abstract]:As the basic living unit of a city, urban residential area is generally regarded as a relatively independent management area from planning, construction to construction management. The internal multi-functional system operates in harmony with clear boundaries and exchange interfaces. It is a typical geographical unit in urban space and one of the basic spatial units in 3D digital city modeling. However, in the current three-dimensional digital city construction and related research, for macro-scale three-dimensional city research and micro-scale three-dimensional building research have been widely carried out, for small and medium-scale three-dimensional urban residential area modeling research is obviously inadequate. Residential area has more artificial terrain and more complicated micro-terrain, which is difficult to be expressed in detail by large-scale urban model, and micro-geographic entity model is lack of boundary representation for a variety of geographic entity models. In addition, in the aspect of 3D data acquisition, the main method of current research and application is to build 3D models based on real object sampling, such as on-site mapping, lidar, photogrammetry and many other methods, but for contains plenty of. The research and utilization of 3D information-rich construction drawings is far from enough. In view of the current situation of the lack of 3D research in urban residential areas, this paper takes the 3D information modeling of urban residential areas as the research object, takes the construction drawings as the three-dimensional data acquisition source, and carries out the research of 3D modeling method of residential areas based on the construction drawings. And the results are as follows: 1. The conceptual model of urban residential area is constructed by inducting and analyzing the elements of residential area from three aspects: land use, geographical entity and functional system, and fully mining the information of semantics, geometry, relation and attribute contained in the geographical entity of residential area, so as to construct urban residential area taking into account the characteristics of semantics and relationship. Conceptual model.2. Based on the method of extracting information of residential construction drawings, the content and information expression characteristics of residential construction drawings are studied and analyzed. The automatic information extraction method of residential construction drawings from three aspects of geographic entity, land use and system is proposed. The original data and geographic entity number of residential construction drawings are explored. According to the storage method of land use data and functional system data. 3. Based on the construction drawing, the residential area modeling method is studied. According to the three characteristics of artificial surface micro-topography and the expression of terrain elements on the drawings, the terrain modeling method based on the division of terrain units is proposed. In addition, according to the different characteristics of buildings, roads, public environmental facilities, plants, water bodies and other geographical entities, different methods are used to construct three-dimensional models, and land use units are used as the boundary to realize the integrated three-dimensional modeling of geographical entities on different plots, as well as the integrated three-dimensional modeling of different functional systems. The empirical research shows that the urban residential area data model proposed in this paper can effectively support the residential area three-dimensional modeling; the information extraction method based on the construction drawing data can effectively mine the semantic, geometric, positioning, relationship and attribute information of the plane drawing data with a small amount of manual assistance, and realize the geographic entity. Recognition and information extraction; 3D modeling methods and results based on construction drawings of urban residential areas can meet the needs of model visualization and model application on residential area scale, which has certain theoretical and practical significance.
【學位授予單位】：南京師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TU984.12;P208

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