【摘要】：隨著城市化進(jìn)程的深入,城市生態(tài)環(huán)境越來(lái)越惡劣,如城市綠地面積不斷減少,水資源受到污染,空氣質(zhì)量急劇下降等。城市規(guī)劃中對(duì)于生態(tài)的考慮大都只從增加景觀面積出發(fā),很少?gòu)纳鷳B(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和城市通風(fēng)廊道等系統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)出發(fā),導(dǎo)致景觀破碎化嚴(yán)重,斑塊之間連接度和城市通透性差,嚴(yán)重威脅城市生態(tài)。在全面分析國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究的基礎(chǔ)上,本文以天津市作為研究對(duì)象,城市土地分為林地、水域、農(nóng)田/園地、建成區(qū)四類,然后對(duì)土地分類圖進(jìn)行景觀水平和斑塊類型水平上的計(jì)算。同時(shí),選取了緯度和自然環(huán)境和天津市很類似且生態(tài)環(huán)境很好的索菲亞市作為對(duì)比樣本。結(jié)果表明,天津市農(nóng)田/園地斑塊資源優(yōu)勢(shì)較為明顯,而林地和水域斑塊的破碎化問題較嚴(yán)重,斑塊之間連接度較差。為完善天津市的生態(tài)系統(tǒng),以林地和水域作為生態(tài)源點(diǎn),基于最小成本距離模型構(gòu)建了城市生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò),并以基本網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型為依據(jù),改造、優(yōu)化構(gòu)建的生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò),得出了3種不同結(jié)構(gòu)的生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò),找到了天津市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的基本框架,提出了修建廊道,增加源點(diǎn),腳踏石等改善天津市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)手段。研究將最小距離模型概念應(yīng)用到城市通風(fēng)廊道的構(gòu)建上,提出了城市風(fēng)阻系數(shù)公式,建立了基于最小距離模型的城市通風(fēng)廊道構(gòu)建方法,并以某一小區(qū)為例,利用CFD模擬結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比,發(fā)現(xiàn)利用最小距離模型構(gòu)建通風(fēng)廊道具有較好的準(zhǔn)確性,提高了城市通風(fēng)廊道的構(gòu)建速度。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of urbanization, the urban ecological environment is getting worse and worse, such as the decreasing of urban green space area, the pollution of water resources, the sharp decline of air quality, and so on. Most of the ecological considerations in urban planning are based on increasing the landscape area, but rarely on the view of ecological networks and urban ventilation corridors, which leads to the serious fragmentation of landscape, the poor connectivity between patches and the poor urban permeability. It is a serious threat to urban ecology. On the basis of comprehensive analysis of related research at home and abroad, this paper takes Tianjin as the research object. The urban land is divided into four categories: forest land, water area, farmland / garden land, and built-up area. Then the landscape level and patch type level of the land classification map are calculated. At the same time, Sofia, which is similar in latitude and natural environment to Tianjin and has good ecological environment, is selected as the contrast sample. The results showed that the dominance of patch resources in farmland / garden was obvious in Tianjin, but the fragmentation of patches in forest land and water area was more serious, and the connectivity between patches was poor. In order to perfect the ecological system of Tianjin, the urban ecological network was constructed based on the minimum cost distance model, and the ecological network was reconstructed and optimized based on the basic network model. Three kinds of ecological networks with different structures are obtained, the basic frame of Tianjin ecosystem is found, and the technical means of improving Tianjin ecosystem are put forward, such as building corridors, increasing source points and stepping stone. In this paper, the concept of minimum distance model is applied to the construction of urban ventilation corridor, the formula of urban wind resistance coefficient is proposed, and the method of constructing urban ventilation corridor based on minimum distance model is established. By comparing the results of CFD simulation, it is found that the minimum distance model has good accuracy and improves the construction speed of urban ventilation corridors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TU984;X321;P208

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本文編號(hào)：2213387