基于DLP 3D打印成型技術的研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-14 20:01
【摘要】：3D打印技術主要應用于航天航空行業(yè)、食品行業(yè)、汽車工業(yè)、醫(yī)療行業(yè)等領域。近年來,牙科3D打印在醫(yī)療行業(yè)中成為熱門,因此本文選擇面向牙科的3D打印快速成型技術進行研究。常用于牙科3D打印的快速成型技術主要有以下四種:FDM技術、SLA技術、PolyJet技術和DLP技術。FDM技術的缺點是成型物體精度低,成型速度較慢、打印機結構精度要求高、對噴頭溫度的要求也很高,此外,打印材料需要在噴頭中高溫熔融,會產(chǎn)生刺激性氣味氣體;SLA技術的缺點是需要專用的實驗環(huán)境,成型后需要進行二次固化等后處理,激光管壽命短(3000小時左右,價格昂貴),成型時間較長,使用的原材料有限;PolyJet技術的缺點是耗材成本較高、對打印機的結構精度要求非常高;DLP技術是以高分辨率的DLP投影儀來固化液態(tài)的光聚合物,每次固化一個層面,步進電機帶動滑桿向下移動一個距離,直至打印完整個三維物體。與前三種成型技術相比,DLP技術最大的優(yōu)點就是成型速度快,精度高。前三種成型技術采取的是由點到線,再到面,最后到三維物體,而DLP技術則是直接成一個面,再到三維物體,因此成型速度快。對于DLP技術來說,投影儀的分辨率越高,成型精度就越高。盡管該成型技術可使用的打印材料較少,但是對于在牙科上的應用來說,目前MED610這款打印材料就足以滿足需要,所以影響并不大。通過對上述四種成型技術的比較,本文選取了成型速度快、精度高的DLP技術來實現(xiàn)假牙、牙模、牙套等物件的3D打印。本文設計的基于DLP成型技術的3D打印機主要由DLP投影系統(tǒng)、打印機服務器、步進電機控制系統(tǒng)、步進電機套件、成型套件五個部分組成。其中DLP投影系統(tǒng)是基于DLP投影儀進行改進的,通過HDMI接口連接到打印機服務器,用于傳輸3D模型圖像信息,使其投影到成型平臺上固化液態(tài)打印材料成型;打印服務器是基于樹莓派3B平臺構建,它是本文設計系統(tǒng)的核心部分,用于客戶機訪問上傳3D打印文件并控制打印機其他組成部分工作,完成打印任務;步進電機控制系統(tǒng)是基于Arduino Mega2560的平臺搭建,通過USB轉串口連接打印機服務器,用于控制步進電機的運動;步進電機套件是由步進電機、螺桿、導軌三部分組成,主要是當接收到步進電機控制系統(tǒng)的信號時,帶動成型平臺在成型槽內運動。成型套件包括成型平臺與成型槽,用于固定3D打印物體和液態(tài)打印材料。步進電機控制系統(tǒng)、步進電機套件、成型套件共同組成打印機的機械系統(tǒng)。為了提高成型精度和成型速度,本文基于DLP投影儀來搭建驗證實驗平臺,具體步驟如下:第一,對該投影儀的光學系統(tǒng)進行優(yōu)化,基于柯拉照明系統(tǒng)的原理,將光源所成的像與投影鏡頭重合,使得像面邊緣光照度更接近中心光照度,提高成型精度;第二,設計梯形光積分器,增強紫外光照能量,縮短固化時間,提高成型速度。結果表明,與改良光學系統(tǒng)前相比,DLP成型精度(0.05mm)要高和成型速度(0.013mm/s)要快。通過最后實驗結果可知,研究這種成型速度快、精度高、結構簡單、成本低廉的3D打印機可以運用于牙科方面。
[Abstract]:In recent years, dental 3D printing has become a hot topic in the medical industry. Therefore, this paper chooses the dental 3D printing rapid prototyping technology to study. SLA, PolyJet and DLP technology. FDM technology has the disadvantages of low precision, slow speed, high precision printer structure and high temperature requirement. In addition, printing materials need to be melted in the nozzle at high temperature, which will produce irritating odor gas. SLA technology has the disadvantages of special experimental environment, forming. After secondary curing and other post-processing, the laser tube life is short (about 3000 hours, expensive), molding time is long, the use of raw materials is limited; PolyJet technology is a shortcoming of high cost of consumables, the structural accuracy of the printer is very high; DLP technology is a high-resolution DLP projector to solidify liquid photopolymer, every time. Compared with the former three molding technologies, the DLP technology has the advantages of fast molding speed and high precision. For DLP technology, the higher the resolution of the projector, the higher the molding accuracy. Although the molding technology can use fewer printing materials, but for dental applications, the current MED610 printing material is enough to meet the needs, so the impact is not great. Comparing the four molding technologies mentioned above, this paper chooses the DLP technology with high molding speed and precision to realize the 3D printing of denture, toothmold, sleeve and other objects.The 3D printer based on the DLP molding technology designed in this paper mainly consists of five parts: DLP projection system, printer server, stepper motor control system, stepper motor suite and molding suite. The DLP projection system is improved based on the DLP projector, which is connected to the printer server through the HDMI interface to transmit the 3D model image information and make it projected onto the molding platform to solidify the liquid printing material molding; the printing server is based on the raspberry pie 3B platform construction, which is the core part of the design system in this paper, used for the transmission of 3D model image information. Client accesses and uploads 3D printing documents and controls the other components of the printer to complete the printing task; stepper motor control system is based on Arduino Mega2560 platform, connected to the printer server through USB serial port, used to control the movement of the stepper motor; stepper motor suite is composed of stepper motor, screw, rail three parts The forming kit includes the forming platform and the forming slot, which are used to fix 3D printing objects and liquid printing materials. The mechanical system of the printer is composed of the stepping motor control system, the stepping motor kit and the forming kit. In order to improve the precision and speed of forming, this paper builds a validation experiment platform based on DLP projector. The concrete steps are as follows: Firstly, the optical system of the projector is optimized. Based on the principle of Cora illumination system, the image formed by the light source is overlapped with the projection lens, which makes the edge illumination of the image closer to the center illumination and improves the forming precision. Secondly, a trapezoidal light integrator is designed to enhance the ultraviolet light energy, shorten the curing time and improve the molding speed. The results show that the DLP molding accuracy (0.05mm) is higher and the molding speed (0.013mm/s) is faster than that before the improved optical system. 3D printers can be used in dentistry.
【學位授予單位】：南方醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP391.73
本文編號：2183966
[Abstract]:In recent years, dental 3D printing has become a hot topic in the medical industry. Therefore, this paper chooses the dental 3D printing rapid prototyping technology to study. SLA, PolyJet and DLP technology. FDM technology has the disadvantages of low precision, slow speed, high precision printer structure and high temperature requirement. In addition, printing materials need to be melted in the nozzle at high temperature, which will produce irritating odor gas. SLA technology has the disadvantages of special experimental environment, forming. After secondary curing and other post-processing, the laser tube life is short (about 3000 hours, expensive), molding time is long, the use of raw materials is limited; PolyJet technology is a shortcoming of high cost of consumables, the structural accuracy of the printer is very high; DLP technology is a high-resolution DLP projector to solidify liquid photopolymer, every time. Compared with the former three molding technologies, the DLP technology has the advantages of fast molding speed and high precision. For DLP technology, the higher the resolution of the projector, the higher the molding accuracy. Although the molding technology can use fewer printing materials, but for dental applications, the current MED610 printing material is enough to meet the needs, so the impact is not great. Comparing the four molding technologies mentioned above, this paper chooses the DLP technology with high molding speed and precision to realize the 3D printing of denture, toothmold, sleeve and other objects.The 3D printer based on the DLP molding technology designed in this paper mainly consists of five parts: DLP projection system, printer server, stepper motor control system, stepper motor suite and molding suite. The DLP projection system is improved based on the DLP projector, which is connected to the printer server through the HDMI interface to transmit the 3D model image information and make it projected onto the molding platform to solidify the liquid printing material molding; the printing server is based on the raspberry pie 3B platform construction, which is the core part of the design system in this paper, used for the transmission of 3D model image information. Client accesses and uploads 3D printing documents and controls the other components of the printer to complete the printing task; stepper motor control system is based on Arduino Mega2560 platform, connected to the printer server through USB serial port, used to control the movement of the stepper motor; stepper motor suite is composed of stepper motor, screw, rail three parts The forming kit includes the forming platform and the forming slot, which are used to fix 3D printing objects and liquid printing materials. The mechanical system of the printer is composed of the stepping motor control system, the stepping motor kit and the forming kit. In order to improve the precision and speed of forming, this paper builds a validation experiment platform based on DLP projector. The concrete steps are as follows: Firstly, the optical system of the projector is optimized. Based on the principle of Cora illumination system, the image formed by the light source is overlapped with the projection lens, which makes the edge illumination of the image closer to the center illumination and improves the forming precision. Secondly, a trapezoidal light integrator is designed to enhance the ultraviolet light energy, shorten the curing time and improve the molding speed. The results show that the DLP molding accuracy (0.05mm) is higher and the molding speed (0.013mm/s) is faster than that before the improved optical system. 3D printers can be used in dentistry.
【學位授予單位】：南方醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP391.73
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