【摘要】：射頻識(shí)別定位系統(tǒng)具有安全性高、成本低、靈活性強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn),在室內(nèi)定位追蹤領(lǐng)域中有著極其重要的研究意義。其在軍事、商業(yè)領(lǐng)域的位置感知應(yīng)用也具有較大實(shí)用價(jià)值。本文研究了基于人員實(shí)時(shí)跟蹤監(jiān)控應(yīng)用的室內(nèi)定位系統(tǒng),針對(duì)特殊的項(xiàng)目需求設(shè)計(jì)了硬件、實(shí)現(xiàn)了定位算法和上位機(jī)軟件、給出了硬件和算法的性能參數(shù)。主要內(nèi)容如下:(1)研制了具有位置綁定功能的可穿戴RFID定位設(shè)備。針對(duì)追蹤過(guò)程中確保RFID定位設(shè)備和佩戴人員位置一致的需求,提出通過(guò)測(cè)量心率和內(nèi)置防摘金屬導(dǎo)電回路腕帶雙重結(jié)合的方式防止設(shè)備脫落或被人為摘卸。針對(duì)功耗敏感性問(wèn)題,選用超低功耗元件、在硬件原理設(shè)計(jì)上對(duì)電流消耗進(jìn)行計(jì)算和分析,規(guī)避高功耗、縮減冗余部件,基于三軸加速度傳感器獲取手臂姿態(tài)控制液晶供電。針對(duì)便攜性需求,選擇小封裝元件、縮減PCB面積、采用3D打印技術(shù),完成了可穿戴式定位卡。開(kāi)發(fā)了通信協(xié)議和驅(qū)動(dòng)軟件。(2)研究實(shí)現(xiàn)了虛擬參考標(biāo)簽指紋定位算法和上位機(jī)軟件。該算法采用模式匹配的思想,分兩個(gè)階段實(shí)現(xiàn)定位。離線階段在定位區(qū)域中按距離均分的位置點(diǎn)處采集定位卡發(fā)送給多個(gè)定位基站的RSSI(Received SignalStrength Indicator,接收信號(hào)強(qiáng)度),以RSSI向量作為“位置指紋”,形成指紋數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。在線階段把實(shí)時(shí)接收的定位卡RSSI向量與指紋數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)進(jìn)行匹配并選擇相似位置點(diǎn),然后采用加權(quán)求和的方法估算位置。用來(lái)構(gòu)建指紋數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的位置點(diǎn)為虛擬參考標(biāo)簽所在的位置點(diǎn)。系統(tǒng)測(cè)試結(jié)果表明,可穿戴定位卡的無(wú)線通信距離可達(dá)250米;在開(kāi)啟實(shí)時(shí)心率監(jiān)測(cè)及無(wú)線通信功能的條件下續(xù)航時(shí)間可達(dá)62h,較未使用本文低功耗技術(shù)的RFID定位卡和心率手表分別延長(zhǎng)44%、244%;心率的測(cè)量誤差為±3次/分鐘,可實(shí)現(xiàn)100%脫摘檢測(cè);定位精度以70%的概率低于3.5m,與基于測(cè)距的定位算法相比,精度和穩(wěn)定性分別提高了38%和51%;系統(tǒng)的平均時(shí)延為3秒。所開(kāi)發(fā)的系統(tǒng)達(dá)到了設(shè)計(jì)指標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:RFID positioning system has the characteristics of high security, low cost and strong flexibility. It is of great significance in the field of indoor positioning and tracking. The application of position perception in military and commercial fields is also of great practical value. In this paper, the indoor positioning system based on real time personnel tracking and monitoring is studied. The hardware is designed to meet the special requirements of the project, the location algorithm and the upper computer software are realized, and the performance parameters of the hardware and algorithm are given. The main contents are as follows: (1) A wearable RFID positioning device with location-binding function is developed. In order to meet the need to ensure the same position of RFID locator and wearer in the tracking process, a dual combination of measuring heart rate and built-in metal conductive circuit wrist band is proposed to prevent the device from falling off or being taken off artificially. Aiming at the problem of power sensitivity, the ultra-low power component is used to calculate and analyze the current consumption in the design of hardware principle, to avoid high power consumption, to reduce redundant components, and to obtain the liquid crystal power supply of arm attitude control based on three-axis acceleration sensor. To meet the requirement of portability, the wearable positioning card is realized by selecting small package components, reducing PCB area and adopting 3D printing technology. The communication protocol and driver software are developed. (2) Virtual reference label fingerprint location algorithm and host computer software are studied. The algorithm adopts the idea of pattern matching and realizes localization in two stages. In the off-line stage, the RSSI (received signal strength Indicator) is collected and sent to multiple base stations according to the location points of the average distance in the location region. The RSSI vector is used as the "position fingerprint" to form the fingerprint database. In the online stage, the RSSI vector of the real-time received location card is matched with the fingerprint database and the similar location points are selected, and then the weighted summation method is used to estimate the location. The location point used to construct the fingerprint database is the location point where the virtual reference tag is located. The system test results show that the wireless communication distance of wearable positioning card can reach 250 meters. Under the condition that the real-time heart rate monitoring and wireless communication function are turned on, the duration can reach 62 hours, compared with the RFID positioning card and the heart rate watch which do not use the low power technology in this paper, the distance between the RFID positioning card and the heart rate watch is 44% 2444.The measuring error of heart rate is 鹵3 times per minute, and the detection of 100% removal can be realized. Compared with the location algorithm based on ranging, the accuracy and stability are increased by 38% and 51% respectively, and the average delay of the system is 3 seconds. The system has reached the design target.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TP391.44

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