本文選題：三維場景建模 + 人群疏散仿真��； 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：伴隨世界經(jīng)濟(jì)、人口的快速發(fā)展及城市化進(jìn)程的穩(wěn)步加快,隨之而來的公共安全事故日益增多,公共安全的管理問題引起社會各界的廣泛重視。對人群的疏散行為進(jìn)行研究,總結(jié)行人運動規(guī)律,從而在緊急情況下提供直觀的疏散路徑規(guī)劃、制定合理的應(yīng)急預(yù)案、保證人民生命財產(chǎn)安全,已成為安全管理中亟待解決的重要問題。在傳統(tǒng)演練方法多方面受限的情況下,計算機(jī)仿真技術(shù)的研究與應(yīng)用提供了有效的解決思路,克服了傳統(tǒng)方法安全性低、效果不真實等問題,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)逼真、高效的人群運動行為模擬。對人群的運動行為進(jìn)行仿真,其內(nèi)容主要包括三維模型建模、人群運動以及虛擬場景下的宏觀路徑規(guī)劃三方面內(nèi)容。針對以上三方面內(nèi)容,本文分別提出了相應(yīng)的人群疏散行為模型及三維模型建模方法。對于傳統(tǒng)模型建模方法中存在的成本高昂、操作難度大等問題,采用了三維建模軟件進(jìn)行三維場景模型及虛擬人物模型的構(gòu)建及貼圖工作,該方法能夠有效實現(xiàn)不同類型場景、人物的比例還原,同時滿足了模型建模真實準(zhǔn)確的要求。此外,目前的人群疏散行為模型研究中,還存在宏觀路徑規(guī)劃算法適用性差、不支持復(fù)雜場景的規(guī)模群體運動、行人運動行為不合理等問題。因此,本文提出一種改進(jìn)的社會力模型與人工蜂群算法相結(jié)合的方法,利用改進(jìn)的人工蜂群算法進(jìn)行實時宏觀路徑規(guī)劃,底層結(jié)合修正的社會力模型指導(dǎo)個體運動,應(yīng)用于不同場景下的人群運動仿真中。本文主要工作及創(chuàng)新點如下:1.對軟件構(gòu)建的三維場景模型進(jìn)行拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的求解以及實現(xiàn)真實感虛擬人物模型的不同動作。通過提取三維場景的語義信息獲得場景的區(qū)域劃分關(guān)系,從而得到場景模型的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu),簡化場景存儲結(jié)構(gòu)和宏觀路徑規(guī)劃復(fù)雜度,實現(xiàn)復(fù)雜場景下路徑信息的獲取與存儲。使用Motion Builder軟件對構(gòu)建的人物模型添加運動,實現(xiàn)虛擬人物在仿真中走路、奔跑等多種行為效果,獲得真實生動的虛擬人物模型,為人群運動仿真研究中的動作建模方法做有效參考。2.提出一種引入視覺影響的動態(tài)避障社會力模型進(jìn)行人群的運動行為模擬。在原始社會力模型基礎(chǔ)上引入視覺影響因子,體現(xiàn)不同視角對個體運動產(chǎn)生的不同影響,對不可見行人之間的作用力進(jìn)行限定,使個體運動行為的模擬更加真實合理;對運動過程中存在障礙物的情況,提出在障礙物包圍盒頂點設(shè)置臨時目標(biāo)點的策略,實現(xiàn)個體在可視范圍內(nèi)的提前避障行為,驅(qū)動行人平滑、流暢的完成局部運動過程。3.提出一種基于分組策略的改進(jìn)引領(lǐng)路徑選擇機(jī)制的人工蜂群算法,實現(xiàn)復(fù)雜場景下的實時宏觀路徑規(guī)劃。對原蜂群中蜜蜂進(jìn)行分組,實現(xiàn)只在同組內(nèi)進(jìn)行引領(lǐng)選擇、信息傳遞,采用并行計算加快算法收斂速度;改進(jìn)了引領(lǐng)蜂路徑選擇機(jī)制,兼顧出口擁擠度與路徑長度等因素,模擬出疏散中人群盡快逃離的心理現(xiàn)象,提高人群在場景中的實時感知能力,更符合真實的人群疏散效果。結(jié)合承擔(dān)的科研項目,將以上研究成果應(yīng)用于人群運動仿真系統(tǒng)與真實感渲染平臺中,實現(xiàn)不同類型場景下的人群運動模擬。系統(tǒng)及平臺實現(xiàn)了場景語義信息提取、宏觀路徑規(guī)劃、人群運動及真實感渲染四項功能。通過在系統(tǒng)及平臺中進(jìn)行簡單場景和復(fù)雜場景兩類仿真實驗,對疏散仿真效果進(jìn)行分析與研究,對比真實人群的運動行為特性,能夠驗證本文所提出的方法能夠真實、有效地還原現(xiàn)實場景中的建筑物外形和內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu),以及逼真地模擬真實人群的運動行為,對于未來研究人群行為特性分析具有較高參考價值和應(yīng)用價值。
[Abstract]:With the world economy, the rapid development of population and the steady acceleration of urbanization and the increasing number of public safety accidents, the management of public safety has aroused wide attention from all walks of life. The evacuation behavior of the crowd is studied and the rules of pedestrian movement are summarized, thus providing an intuitional evacuation route under the emergency. Making a reasonable contingency plan to ensure the safety of the people's life and property has become an important problem to be solved urgently in the safety management. Under the circumstances of the traditional practice, the research and application of computer simulation technology provides an effective solution to solve the problems of low security and untrue effect of traditional methods. To simulate the movement behavior of the crowd, the movement behavior of the crowd is simulated. The contents of the crowd are mainly composed of three aspects: 3D model modeling, crowd movement and the macro path planning under the virtual scene. According to the above three aspects, the model of crowd evacuation behavior and modeling of three-dimensional model are proposed in this paper. Method. For the high cost and difficult operation of the traditional model modeling method, the 3D modeling software is used to construct the 3D scene model and the virtual character model. This method can effectively realize the different types of scene and the ratio of the characters. At the same time, it satisfies the real and accurate model of model modeling. In addition, in the present study of crowd evacuation behavior model, there are still some problems, such as the poor applicability of the macro path planning algorithm, the scale group movement which does not support the complex scene and the unreasonable pedestrian behavior. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved method of combining the social force model with the artificial bee colony algorithm, and uses the improved artificial bee colony algorithm. The method carries out real time macro path planning, the bottom layer combines the modified social force model to guide the individual movement, and applies it to the crowd motion simulation under different scenes. The main work and innovation points are as follows: 1. to solve the topology structure of the 3D scene model constructed by software and to realize the different movements of the realistic virtual character model. The semantic information of the 3D scene is extracted to obtain the regional partition relation of the scene, thus the topology of the scene model is obtained, the storage structure of the scene and the complexity of the macro path planning are simplified, and the path information is obtained and stored in the complex scene. The motion of the figure model is added to the constructed figure model by using the Motion Builder software to realize the virtual character. Walking, running and other behavior effects in the simulation, a real and vivid virtual character model is obtained, and an effective reference for the action modeling method in the crowd motion simulation study.2. is put forward to simulate the dynamic behavior model of the dynamic obstacle avoidance social force introducing the visual influence to the crowd. The visual shadow is introduced on the basis of the original social force model. The noise factor reflects the different effects of different perspectives on individual movement, limits the force between invisible pedestrians, and makes the simulation of the individual movement more realistic and reasonable; the strategy of setting temporary target points in the vertex of the barrier encircling box is put forward to realize the visible range of the individual in the course of the existence of obstacles in the process of movement. Early obstacle avoidance behavior, driving pedestrians smooth and smooth finishing local movement process.3. proposed an artificial bee colony algorithm based on grouping strategy to improve the path selection mechanism, realizing real time macro path planning under complex scene. By using parallel computing, the convergence speed of the algorithm is speeded up, and the mechanism of leading bee path selection is improved, and the factors such as the exit congestion and the path length are taken into consideration, and the psychological phenomenon that the crowd escapes as soon as possible is simulated to improve the real-time perception ability of the crowd in the scene, which is more in line with the effect of the real crowd evacuation. The research results are applied to the crowd motion simulation system and the realistic rendering platform to realize the crowd motion simulation in different types of scenes. The system and platform implement four functions of scene semantic information extraction, macro path planning, crowd movement and realistic rendering. The simple scene and complex scene two are carried out in the system and platform. The simulation experiment is used to analyze and study the effect of evacuation simulation. Comparing the behavior characteristics of the real crowd, it can verify that the proposed method can truly, effectively restore the shape and internal structure of the building in the real scene, and simulate the real crowd's movement behavior, and study the behavior characteristics of the crowd in the future. The analysis is of high reference value and application value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP391.9

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