本文選題：數(shù)字化測量 + 逆向設(shè)計　； 參考：《河南科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)社會的快速發(fā)展,在制造業(yè)領(lǐng)域,人們對產(chǎn)品的外形設(shè)計、制造質(zhì)量及檢驗精度的要求越來越高,使數(shù)字化測量與逆向設(shè)計技術(shù)在產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。同時,數(shù)字化的測量、設(shè)計、制造之間的聯(lián)系越來越緊密,它們構(gòu)成了產(chǎn)品制造生產(chǎn)的閉環(huán)數(shù)字鏈,滿足了現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)對系統(tǒng)高度集成的要求。數(shù)字化測量與逆向設(shè)計技術(shù)在保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量與提高生產(chǎn)效率方面起著越來越重要的作用。本文研究了復(fù)雜箱體鑄件的數(shù)字化測量與逆向設(shè)計的一些關(guān)鍵的技術(shù):數(shù)字化測量的方法、數(shù)據(jù)處理方法、曲面重構(gòu)方法與模型精度評價技術(shù)。對于數(shù)字化測量,分析了復(fù)雜箱體的內(nèi)外形結(jié)構(gòu)特征,采用了基于轉(zhuǎn)站測量的三維激光掃描方式對箱體外表面進(jìn)行了測量,獲取了箱體外表面的點云數(shù)據(jù);提出了一種基于石膏模型的箱體內(nèi)腔的數(shù)字化測量方法,完成了對箱體內(nèi)腔的測量,獲取了箱體內(nèi)腔表面的點云數(shù)據(jù);利用了基于特征點匹配的數(shù)據(jù)融合方法完成了箱體外表面點云與內(nèi)腔點云的數(shù)據(jù)融合,獲得了完整的復(fù)雜箱體內(nèi)外表面點云數(shù)據(jù)。在數(shù)據(jù)處理方面,分析了測量噪聲點產(chǎn)生的原因,研究了點云的去噪與精簡方法;針對復(fù)雜箱體點云數(shù)據(jù)的去噪提出了基于空間單元格的快速k鄰域搜索方法,并獲得了較好的噪聲去除效果;分析了不同數(shù)據(jù)類型的精簡處理方法,提出了將曲率采樣和均勻采樣相結(jié)合的混合精簡方法對復(fù)雜箱體的點云數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了精簡處理;并驗證了所提出的數(shù)據(jù)去噪與精簡算法的有效性且獲得了良好的處理結(jié)果。在曲面重構(gòu)的過程中,針對復(fù)雜箱體的曲面重構(gòu),研究了曲線擬合造型與曲面擬合造型,并對曲線、曲面光順的方法進(jìn)行了研究分析;根據(jù)復(fù)雜箱體的內(nèi)外表面點云數(shù)據(jù)重構(gòu)了該箱體的三維CAD模型。通過求取各數(shù)據(jù)點至重構(gòu)模型表面的垂直距離而獲取了復(fù)雜箱體重構(gòu)模型的精度,得出了箱體重構(gòu)模型表面的誤差分布情況,驗證了曲面重構(gòu)的質(zhì)量,完成了重構(gòu)模型精度的評價。通過對復(fù)雜箱體鑄件的數(shù)字化測量與逆向設(shè)計的研究,重構(gòu)了復(fù)雜箱體的三維數(shù)字化模型并完成了該模型的精度評價,這些工作有利于箱體鑄模的優(yōu)化設(shè)計,并為箱體鑄件的加工制造提供了有益的參考,具有一定實際應(yīng)用價值。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and society, in the field of manufacturing industry, the demand of product shape design, manufacturing quality and inspection precision is more and more high, so digital measurement and reverse design technology has been widely used in the production of products. At the same time, the digital measurement, design and manufacture are more and more closely related. They constitute the closed-loop digital chain of product manufacturing and meet the requirements of the modern manufacturing industry for the high integration of the system. Digital measurement and reverse design technology plays an increasingly important role in ensuring product quality and improving production efficiency. In this paper, some key techniques of digital measurement and reverse design of complex box castings are studied, such as digital measurement method, data processing method, surface reconstruction method and model precision evaluation technology. For the digital measurement, the internal shape and structure characteristics of the complex box are analyzed, and the external surface of the box is measured by using the three-dimensional laser scanning method based on the measurement of the rotating station, and the point cloud data of the outer surface of the box are obtained. In this paper, a digital measurement method of the chamber cavity based on gypsum model is proposed. The measurement of the chamber cavity is completed, and the point cloud data of the chamber surface are obtained. The data fusion method based on feature point matching is used to complete the data fusion between the point cloud of the outer surface of the box and the point cloud of the inner cavity, and the complete point cloud data of the inside and outside surface of the complex box body are obtained. In the aspect of data processing, the causes of measurement noise points are analyzed, and the de-noising and reduction methods of point clouds are studied, and a fast k-neighborhood search method based on spatial cells is proposed for the de-noising of point cloud data of complex boxes. After analyzing the reduction methods of different data types, a hybrid reduction method combining curvature sampling and uniform sampling is proposed to simplify the point cloud data of the complex box. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified and good results are obtained. In the process of surface reconstruction, the curve fitting modeling and surface fitting modeling are studied, and the fairing methods of curves and surfaces are analyzed. Based on the point cloud data of the inner and outer surfaces of the complex box, the 3D CAD model of the box is reconstructed. The accuracy of complex box reconstruction model is obtained by calculating the vertical distance from each data point to the surface of the reconstructed model. The error distribution on the surface of the reconstruction model is obtained, and the quality of surface reconstruction is verified. The accuracy of the reconstruction model is evaluated. Through the research on the digital measurement and reverse design of the complex box casting, the 3D digitized model of the complex box is reconstructed and the precision evaluation of the model is completed. These works are beneficial to the optimum design of the casting die of the box. It also provides a useful reference for the machining and manufacturing of box castings and has certain practical application value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP391.7

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