發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-15 00:21

  本文選題：VANET + 地理位置的路由協(xié)議��； 參考：《哈爾濱工程大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：車載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)(Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks, VANET)是未來智能交通系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分。它為不同車輛間的通信提供一個(gè)良好的平臺(tái),不僅可以提高交通的安全性,還可以滿足用戶通訊、娛樂等舒適性的需求。在城市環(huán)境VANET中,車輛數(shù)量多移動(dòng)快,網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)頻繁變化,車輛移動(dòng)軌跡受道路結(jié)構(gòu)限制,加上城市道路固定,建筑物密集等特點(diǎn),很多路由協(xié)議在這種環(huán)境下,通信性能會(huì)有很大的下降。因此,城市環(huán)境下的路由協(xié)議設(shè)計(jì)成為車載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)研究的重大挑戰(zhàn)。本文首先介紹了城市環(huán)境下VANET的主要結(jié)構(gòu)、特點(diǎn)以及面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn),重點(diǎn)總結(jié)分析了目前已經(jīng)提出的VANET下基于拓?fù)渎酚蓞f(xié)議、基于地理位置的路由協(xié)議以及跨層路由協(xié)議。然后,詳細(xì)介紹了目前VANET中常用的車輛移動(dòng)模型和城市傳播模型,根據(jù)城市環(huán)境特點(diǎn)和車輛移動(dòng)特性,提出了一種適用于城市環(huán)境的基于地理位置的跨層路由協(xié)議(City Cross-layer Multi-hop Geography Routing,CCMGR)。該協(xié)議綜合利用車輛移動(dòng)信息,局部道路信息,跨層信息作為數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)度量,使用路口節(jié)點(diǎn)算法和路間節(jié)點(diǎn)算法來保證通信的高效性和可靠性。協(xié)議特點(diǎn)如下:(1)數(shù)據(jù)包在十字路口轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)時(shí),提出基于車輛位置方向、局部道路密度、跨層無線鏈路信噪比的路口節(jié)點(diǎn)選取算法(At Intersections Selection Algorithm,AINSA)來選擇較好的傳輸路徑,采用權(quán)重決策方法(Weight Decision Method,WDM)計(jì)算節(jié)點(diǎn)的權(quán)重值,鄰居節(jié)點(diǎn)中權(quán)重值最小的節(jié)點(diǎn)作為轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn),保證在十字路口選取一條最佳的傳輸路徑。(2)數(shù)據(jù)包在路間轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)時(shí),提出基于車輛位置和方向的路間節(jié)點(diǎn)選取算法(Between Intersections Node Selection Algorithm,BINSA)來選取下一跳節(jié)點(diǎn),采用車輛移動(dòng)預(yù)測機(jī)制,預(yù)測車輛的移動(dòng)位置,提高節(jié)點(diǎn)選取的準(zhǔn)確性,保證在該路徑中選取最佳的轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)(3)由于車輛快速移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接的中斷,該協(xié)議還引入了存儲(chǔ)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)機(jī)制進(jìn)一步確保信息傳輸?shù)目煽�。此�?利用動(dòng)態(tài)的“HELLO”廣播機(jī)制減少信標(biāo)傳輸間隔對協(xié)議性能的影響。最后采用Bonnmotion工具生成節(jié)點(diǎn)移動(dòng)軌跡文件,在NS3網(wǎng)絡(luò)仿真平臺(tái)上對提出的CCMGR路由協(xié)議和其他經(jīng)典的路由協(xié)議進(jìn)行了仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示車輛密度較大時(shí),本文提出的CCMGR路由協(xié)議在數(shù)據(jù)傳輸成功率和傳輸延遲方面優(yōu)于其經(jīng)典他協(xié)議,適合城市環(huán)境下的VANET通信。
[Abstract]:Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) is an important part of the future Intelligent Transportation system (its). It provides a good platform for communication between different vehicles. It can not only improve the security of traffic, but also meet the needs of users' communication, entertainment and other comfortableness. In the urban environment VANET, the number of vehicles moves quickly, the network topology changes frequently, the vehicle movement track is restricted by the road structure, and the city roads are fixed and the buildings are dense, so many routing protocols are used in this environment. Communication performance will be greatly reduced. Therefore, the design of routing protocols in urban environments has become a major challenge in the research of vehicular ad hoc networks. In this paper, we first introduce the main structure, characteristics and challenges of VANET in urban environment, and focus on summarizing and analyzing the topologically based routing protocols, geographical location-based routing protocols and cross-layer routing protocols that have been proposed at present. Then, the vehicle moving model and urban propagation model which are commonly used in VANET are introduced in detail. According to the characteristics of urban environment and vehicle movement, a cross-layer routing protocol based on geographical location is proposed for urban environment. The protocol uses vehicle moving information, local road information and cross-layer information as data forwarding metrics, and uses intersection node algorithm and inter-road node algorithm to ensure the high efficiency and reliability of communication. The protocol features are as follows: (1) when the packet is forwarded at the crossroads, an algorithm for selecting intersection nodes based on vehicle position direction, local road density and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of cross-layer wireless links is proposed to select a better transmission path. Weight Decision method is used to calculate the weight of nodes, and the node with the smallest weight in neighbor node is used as forwarding node to ensure that the best transmission path is chosen at the crossroads. In this paper, a new algorithm named between Intersections Node Selection algorithm and BINSA-based vehicle location and direction selection algorithm is proposed to select the next hop node. The vehicle moving prediction mechanism is used to predict the moving position of the vehicle, and the accuracy of node selection is improved. The protocol also introduces a storage and forwarding mechanism to ensure the reliability of information transmission. In addition, dynamic "HELLO" broadcast mechanism is used to reduce the influence of beacon transmission interval on protocol performance. Finally, the Bonnmotion tool is used to generate the node moving path file, and the simulation experiments on the proposed CCMGR routing protocol and other classical routing protocols are carried out on the NS3 network simulation platform. The experimental results show that the proposed CCMGR routing protocol is superior to the classical VANET protocol in terms of data transmission success rate and transmission delay when the vehicle density is high. It is suitable for VANET communication in urban environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TN929.5;U495

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