本文選題：降水粒子 + 微物理特征�。� 參考：《光學(xué)精密工程》2017年04期

【摘要】：為了實現(xiàn)對降水粒子尺度、形狀、速度等微物理特征的同步測量,提出了一種基于單幀雙脈沖成像的降水粒子測量方法,并搭建了降水微物理特征測量儀樣機(jī),該樣機(jī)由脈沖光源、面陣圖像傳感器、以數(shù)字信號處理(DSP)芯片為核心的采集與控制單元、數(shù)據(jù)處理單元組成。然后研究了利用點(diǎn)擴(kuò)散函數(shù)進(jìn)行圖像復(fù)原的方法,以及利用曝光參數(shù)進(jìn)行粒子捕獲概率修正的方法,并利用定標(biāo)小球進(jìn)行了檢驗。最后使用該儀器在南京地區(qū)進(jìn)行了降雨外場實驗,并與OTT雨滴譜儀進(jìn)行對比。實驗結(jié)果表明:儀器可以同步測量雨滴的形狀、軸比、速度與尺度等微物理特征,與經(jīng)驗?zāi)Ｐ途哂辛己玫囊恢滦?與OTT雨滴譜儀的雨滴譜分布和降雨強(qiáng)度有很好的一致性,二者測量降雨強(qiáng)度的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差為1.57mm/h,相關(guān)系數(shù)達(dá)到96%。該儀器對降水微物理特征具有更好的測量效果,可以在野外長期無人值守運(yùn)行,在大氣物理研究、數(shù)值天氣預(yù)報模式、水文學(xué)研究等領(lǐng)域有著廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:In order to realize the synchronous measurement of the microphysical characteristics such as the size, shape and velocity of precipitation particles, a precipitation particle measurement method based on single frame and double pulse imaging is proposed, and a prototype of precipitation microphysical feature measuring instrument is built. The prototype is composed of pulse light source, array image sensor, acquisition and control unit with digital signal processing chip as the core, and data processing unit. Then, the method of image restoration using point diffusion function and the method of particle capture probability correction using exposure parameters are studied, and the calibration sphere is used to test it. Finally, the rainfall field experiment was carried out in Nanjing area with this instrument and compared with OTT raindrop spectrometer. The experimental results show that the instrument can synchronously measure the microphysical characteristics of raindrops such as shape, axial ratio, velocity and scale, which is in good agreement with the empirical model, and is in good agreement with the rain drop spectrum distribution and rainfall intensity of OTT raindrop spectrometer. The standard deviation of rainfall intensity is 1.57 mm / h and the correlation coefficient is 96 mm / h. The instrument has a better effect on the measurement of precipitation microphysical characteristics and can be unattended for a long time in the field. It has a broad application prospect in the field of atmospheric physics, numerical weather prediction model, hydrology research and so on.
【作者單位】： 解放軍理工大學(xué)氣象海洋學(xué)院;解放軍93318部隊氣象臺;南京英恩特環(huán)境技術(shù)有限公司;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金科學(xué)儀器基礎(chǔ)研究�？铐椖�(No.41327003);國家自然科學(xué)基金青年項目(No.41505135) 江蘇省自然科學(xué)基金青年項目(No.BK20150708)
【分類號】：TP391.41;TP212

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