發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-25 15:48

  本文選題：虛擬導(dǎo)聯(lián) + P300電位　； 參考：《哈爾濱工程大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：腦電信號(hào)(EEG)是大腦皮層中神經(jīng)元細(xì)胞間交換物質(zhì)、傳遞各感官反應(yīng)和傳送大腦指令時(shí),電位變化產(chǎn)生的電壓值。當(dāng)人體受到外界刺激或主觀(guān)思考時(shí),腦電信號(hào)會(huì)發(fā)生變化,傳統(tǒng)的腦電設(shè)備,顯示功能較為單一,只能通過(guò)波形的變化來(lái)表示這些差異。本文設(shè)計(jì)的腦電圖機(jī)顯控軟件,將頭部模型引入顯示端,并在模型中添加虛擬導(dǎo)聯(lián)來(lái)模擬腦電測(cè)試時(shí)的電極片,在仿真中,通過(guò)對(duì)腦電信號(hào)的讀取,將腦電信號(hào)的特征變化通過(guò)虛擬導(dǎo)聯(lián)的不同狀態(tài)來(lái)表征。此外,還對(duì)大腦模型進(jìn)行功能區(qū)劃分,每個(gè)功能區(qū)都與其包含的虛擬導(dǎo)聯(lián)建立了特定的關(guān)系,當(dāng)功能區(qū)內(nèi)的虛擬導(dǎo)聯(lián)發(fā)生狀態(tài)變化時(shí),該區(qū)域就會(huì)被標(biāo)記為當(dāng)前腦活動(dòng)區(qū),通過(guò)顏色變化在顯示端直觀(guān)表示。首先,本文通過(guò)3DMAX對(duì)頭部模型建模,將頭部模型依據(jù)腦功能區(qū)的劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),分割為5個(gè)區(qū)域,并根據(jù)10-20導(dǎo)聯(lián)法為頭部模型添加電極片模型。利用OpenGL圖形接口完成對(duì)模型的讀取,并設(shè)計(jì)模型的旋轉(zhuǎn)、平移、拾取和顏色渲染的功能。在腦電的信號(hào)研究中科學(xué)家歸納一些腦電信號(hào)變化的規(guī)律,其中P300電位變化就是大腦應(yīng)對(duì)刺激的一種規(guī)律反應(yīng)。本文使用盲源分離算法對(duì)串口中傳輸?shù)哪X電信號(hào)做P300電位分析,通過(guò)對(duì)P300電位特點(diǎn)的先驗(yàn)理論,對(duì)含有P300電位的多導(dǎo)聯(lián)混合腦電信號(hào)進(jìn)行時(shí)頻域?yàn)V波,去除多余數(shù)據(jù),保留P300特征信號(hào);然后使用FastICA算法對(duì)混合信號(hào)盲源分離,得到若干獨(dú)立分量;對(duì)獨(dú)立分量中時(shí)域峰值和能量熵分析,得到最接近P300電位的若干獨(dú)立分量,最終選取這些獨(dú)立分量中投影權(quán)值較大的若干導(dǎo)聯(lián)作為當(dāng)前活動(dòng)電極。然后是對(duì)腦電圖機(jī)軟件人機(jī)交互和功能模塊的實(shí)現(xiàn),包括主界面設(shè)計(jì)模塊、導(dǎo)聯(lián)設(shè)置模塊、串口配置模塊以及波形繪制模塊的人機(jī)交互實(shí)現(xiàn)和電極片狀態(tài)顯示、活動(dòng)電極標(biāo)識(shí)、功能區(qū)標(biāo)識(shí)以及電極片拾取的功能實(shí)現(xiàn)。最后,通過(guò)4種特定刺激來(lái)驗(yàn)證算法獲取活動(dòng)電極的正確性以及對(duì)人機(jī)交互和功能模塊進(jìn)行測(cè)試。本文設(shè)計(jì)打破了傳統(tǒng)腦電圖機(jī)單一的波形輸出功能,將腦電信號(hào)的變化在頭部模型中直觀(guān)顯示,實(shí)現(xiàn)了信號(hào)量的可視化。本文所設(shè)計(jì)的腦電顯控軟件能夠直觀(guān)顯示腦電信號(hào)變化動(dòng)態(tài),實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)電極片的模擬控制,可實(shí)現(xiàn)電極片不同工作狀態(tài)下的區(qū)分顯示,避免了在腦電信號(hào)測(cè)量時(shí)電極片未接入,或者漏測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的問(wèn)題,同時(shí)還實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)虛擬導(dǎo)聯(lián)的拾取功能,可對(duì)每一個(gè)電極片的工作狀態(tài)單獨(dú)查看,對(duì)異常工作的導(dǎo)聯(lián)進(jìn)行重新連接,返回到正常工作狀態(tài),還可以對(duì)無(wú)用電極進(jìn)行斷開(kāi)連接,減少數(shù)據(jù)測(cè)試,節(jié)省資源。
[Abstract]:The EEG signal (EGG) is the voltage produced by the change of the electric potential when the neurons in the cerebral cortex are exchanged between the neurons to transmit the sensory responses and to transmit the instructions of the brain. When the human body is stimulated by the outside world or subjective thinking, the EEG signal will change. The traditional EEG equipment, the display function is relatively single, can only express these differences by the change of the waveform. In this paper, the EEG display control software is designed, the head model is introduced into the display terminal, and the virtual lead is added to the model to simulate the electroencephalogram (EEG) test. In the simulation, the EEG signal is read. The characteristic changes of EEG signals are represented by the different states of virtual leads. In addition, the functional regions of the brain model are divided, and each functional area has a specific relationship with the virtual lead it contains, and when the virtual lead in the functional area changes, the region is marked as the current brain active area. Visualize the display by changing the color. Firstly, the head model is modeled by 3DMAX, and the head model is divided into five regions according to the criteria of brain functional area, and the electrode sheet model is added to the head model according to the 10-20 lead method. The OpenGL graphic interface is used to read the model, and the functions of rotation, translation, pickup and color rendering of the model are designed. In the study of EEG signals, scientists conclude some laws of EEG changes, among which the change of P300 potential is a regular response of brain to stimulation. In this paper, the blind source separation algorithm is used to analyze the P300 potential of EEG transmitted in serial port. Through the priori theory of P300 potential characteristics, the multilead mixed EEG signal with P300 potential is filtered in time-frequency domain to remove the redundant data. The P300 characteristic signal is preserved, then the blind source of mixed signal is separated by FastICA algorithm, and some independent components are obtained by analyzing the time domain peak and energy entropy of the independent component, which is the closest to the P300 potential. Finally, some of these independent components with large projection weights are selected as the current active electrodes. Then the realization of man-machine interaction and function module of EEG software, including main interface design module, lead setting module, serial port configuration module and waveform drawing module, human-computer interaction realization and electrode sheet status display, active electrode identification, etc. The function of function area identification and electrode chip pickup is realized. Finally, four specific stimuli were used to verify the correctness of the algorithm to obtain the active electrode and to test the man-machine interaction and functional modules. In this paper, the function of single waveform output of traditional EEG machine is broken, the change of EEG signal is displayed intuitively in the head model, and the visualization of signal quantity is realized. The EEG display and control software designed in this paper can directly display the change of EEG signal, realize the simulation control of the electrode sheet, and realize the differential display of the electrode sheet in different working states, thus avoiding the non-connection of the electrode sheet when the EEG signal is measured. Or the problem of missing the test data, at the same time, the function of picking up the virtual lead is realized. The working state of each electrode sheet can be viewed separately, and the lead of abnormal work can be reconnected to return to the normal working state. It can also disconnect useless electrodes, reduce data testing and save resources.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TP311.52;R318

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