本文選題：冠脈造影 + 血管提取��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前,心腦血管疾病已然成為人類健康的主要“殺手”,尤其是發(fā)生在冠狀動脈血管上的相關(guān)疾病更是成為健康的主要威脅。因此,若將生物醫(yī)學(xué)圖像技術(shù)處理與計算血液流體動力學(xué)緊密結(jié)合作為冠脈血管疾病的輔助決策是非常必要的,不僅通過建立冠脈血管三維圖像可為醫(yī)學(xué)工作者提供直觀、形象的病癥分析,而且通過分析血管內(nèi)血液與彈性管壁相互耦合效應(yīng)可為醫(yī)學(xué)工作者研究相關(guān)疾病病理提供理論基礎(chǔ)與研究方法。在生物醫(yī)學(xué)圖像技術(shù)處理過程中可以利用不同造影角度形成的二維血管圖像重構(gòu)三維冠脈圖像正確反應(yīng)出血管的形狀、病變程度、量化參數(shù)等信息,從而方便醫(yī)學(xué)工作者直觀、精確地對血管相關(guān)病變作出判斷。針對噪聲與低對比度影響冠脈造影血管提取精度的難題,本課題在充分綜合冠脈造影圖像自身特性后,根據(jù)冠脈造影圖像序列對血管進(jìn)行提取,通過區(qū)分冠脈造影圖像序列中冠脈與背景點灰度變化趨勢,采用高通頻域濾波器對冠脈血管進(jìn)行增強處理并降低背景點的噪聲。然后,采用形態(tài)學(xué)的改進(jìn)方法與閾值的相對比較繼續(xù)增強血管、降低噪聲影響并提取冠脈血管;利用形態(tài)學(xué)細(xì)化方法對已較精確提取出的冠脈血管進(jìn)行骨架提取,并運用“8-鏈碼”進(jìn)行數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)。然后,采用垂直線提取方法對冠脈血管直徑進(jìn)行提取;針對冠脈血管的三維建模,首先研究了造影系統(tǒng)的成像原理、造影角度、空間坐標(biāo)變換以及三維重建所需參數(shù),然后基于已知不同造影角度的冠脈造影圖像平面上的血管骨架離散點求解出冠脈三維骨架離散點,隨后,運用B樣條擬合并插值出更多的三維骨架離散點,使血管三維骨架的可視化具有連續(xù)性。在判斷冠脈血管具體病變的同時,也要通過計算血液流體動力學(xué)來研究冠脈血管相關(guān)病變的發(fā)病機(jī)理,這樣才能為冠脈血管疾病的治療起到輔助決策作用。其中,從冠脈血管三維建模中得到的有關(guān)血管的形狀與具體量化參數(shù)等信息對計算血液流體動力學(xué)的研究起到至關(guān)重要作用。針對冠狀動脈血管中血液流體力學(xué)研究,選取三種具有代表性的血管模型:錐形血管,局部狹窄血管,異徑血管。根據(jù)流體彈性力學(xué)基本理論知識,簡化流動血液的Navier-stokes方程和血管壁運動方程。運用相容拉格朗日-歐拉法建立血液流動與血管壁運動的耦合條件方程,并基于脈搏波波形、血管的形狀,建立流動狀態(tài)下血液速度的數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá),結(jié)合血管壁運動方程推導(dǎo)血管壁所受壓力與血管壁變形表達(dá)式。血液在異徑血管中流動時由于其特性阻抗的存在會產(chǎn)生壓力降,因此,異徑血管各血管段的壓力降是通過求取各管段的特性阻抗以及脈搏波速得到。本課題通過血管具體實例,分析了脈搏波在一個心動周期內(nèi)血管相關(guān)的參數(shù):半徑、厚度、彈性模量,不同血壓,壓力降以及血管不同的狹窄程度對血管壁所受應(yīng)力與變形的影響。為了驗證理論部分的工作,采用Ansys有限元軟件中的流固耦合模塊,在給定特定值下進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,并與理論部分比較,從而驗證理論解的正確性。
[Abstract]:At present, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have become the main "killer" of human health, especially the related diseases that occur on the coronary arteries, which are the major threats to health. Therefore, it is necessary to cooperate with the calculation of the biomedical image technology and the calculation of blood fluid dynamics closely to assist the decision-making of coronary vascular disease. Not only can the three-dimensional image of coronary artery be established to provide medical workers with intuitionistic and visualized disease analysis, but also through the analysis of the interaction between the blood and the elastic tube wall in the blood vessel, it can provide the theoretical basis and research method for the medical workers to study the related diseases pathology. The reconstruction of three-dimensional coronary images with different angiographic images correctly reacts the shape of the blood vessel, the degree of disease and the quantitative parameters, so that it is convenient for the medical workers to judge the vascular related lesions accurately and intuitively. After fully integrating the characteristics of coronary angiography images, the blood vessels are extracted according to the coronary angiography image sequence. By distinguishing the trend of coronary and background points in the coronary angiography image sequence, high pass frequency filter is used to enhance the coronary vessels and reduce the noise of the back spots. Then, the morphological improvement side is used. The relative comparison between the method and the threshold value continues to strengthen the blood vessels, reduce the noise influence and extract the coronary vessels, and use the morphological thinning method to extract the coronary vessels which have been extracted accurately, and use the "8- chain code" for mathematical expression. Then, the vertical line extraction method is used to extract the diameter of the coronary vessels. The imaging principle of contrast system, the contrast angle, the spatial coordinate transformation and the parameters needed for 3D reconstruction are first studied. Then, the discrete points of the coronary artery are solved based on the discrete points of the vascular skeleton on the coronary angiography image plane with different contrast angles. Then, the B spline is used to interpolate more three. The visualization of vascular three-dimensional skeleton is continuous. In judging the specific coronary artery disease, it is also necessary to study the pathogenesis of coronary vascular related diseases by calculating the blood fluid dynamics, so as to help the treatment of coronary artery disease. Information about the shape of the blood vessels and the specific quantized parameters obtained in the model play an important role in the study of blood fluid dynamics. For the study of blood hydrodynamics in the coronary arteries, three representative vascular models are selected: conical vessels, local narrow vessels, and different diameter vessels. According to the elastic mechanics of fluid This theoretical knowledge simplifies the Navier-stokes equation of the flowing blood and the motion equation of the blood vessel wall. By using the compatible Lagrange Euler method, the coupling condition equation of blood flow and the movement of blood vessel wall is established. Based on the waveform of the pulse wave and the shape of the blood vessel, the mathematical expression of the blood velocity under the flow state is established, and the blood is derived from the equation of movement of the blood vessel wall. The pressure drop of the blood vessel wall is caused by the characteristic impedance of the blood in the different diameter vessels. Therefore, the pressure drop of the various vascular segments of the different diameter vessels is obtained by obtaining the characteristic impedance and the pulse wave velocity of each section of the vessel. Blood vessel related parameters in the dynamic cycle: radius, thickness, modulus of elasticity, the influence of different blood pressure, pressure drop and different degree of blood vessel on the stress and deformation of blood vessel wall. In order to verify the work of the theoretical part, the flow and solid coupling module in Ansys finite element software is used to simulate the value under given value and to the theory department. A comparison is made to verify the correctness of the theoretical solution.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP391.41

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