本文選題：Bitcoin　切入點(diǎn)：SHA256　出處：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：自2009年初開始Bitcoin的出現(xiàn)吸引了人們廣泛的關(guān)注,與此同時(shí)分布式虛擬貨幣的受歡迎程度迅速增加。從那時(shí)起業(yè)內(nèi)一直保持了活躍的Bitcoin挖礦狀態(tài),而在Bitcoin挖礦的硬件方面,大家猶如軍備競賽般地不斷投入和改良。而這其中的重中之重就是散列率和采礦設(shè)備的能源消耗,這直接關(guān)系到Bitcoin挖礦的利潤是否可觀。而從計(jì)算機(jī)角度來看,Bitcoin挖礦實(shí)質(zhì)上就是關(guān)于雙重SHA256散列的計(jì)算問題,即多次輸入一定的數(shù)據(jù)流反復(fù)混合求得最終結(jié)果。截至目前,在Bitcoin挖礦方法的優(yōu)化領(lǐng)域,大量的研究致力于對SHA256散列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)現(xiàn)的硬件優(yōu)化,少有對Bitcoin特定SHA256挖掘算法的軟件優(yōu)化。本文主要研究Bitcoin采礦過程和SHA256散列算法的優(yōu)化問題,以便提高挖掘效率。創(chuàng)新之處是從軟件思路出發(fā),提出并分析了改進(jìn)Bitcoin雙SHA256散列算法采礦協(xié)議的若干步驟,然后進(jìn)行了部分代碼測試。根據(jù)初步估算,在同樣硬件條件下采用這些優(yōu)化建議后,Bitcoin挖礦過程將僅需大約1.86倍,而不是正常情況下2倍的SHA256運(yùn)行時(shí)間。另外我們也對Bitcoin挖礦的獎勵方法提出了改進(jìn)意見:由跳躍式的獎勵模式改為線性獎勵模式,長遠(yuǎn)來看這樣會帶來更好的公平性。另外為了提高加密運(yùn)算的抗碰撞性及散列結(jié)果的雪崩效應(yīng),我們也對SHA256算法本身提出了一種改進(jìn)方案。論文前半部分介紹了Bitcoin產(chǎn)生的歷史背景和研究現(xiàn)狀,闡述了Bitcoin和SHA256算法的概念、組成、功能設(shè)計(jì),提出了未來改進(jìn)思路;后半部分討論Bitcoin塊頭散列算法及其含義,詳細(xì)敘述我們對現(xiàn)有Bitcoin挖礦算法的優(yōu)化和改進(jìn),即在特定階段引入特定的優(yōu)化方法以減少特定輪的調(diào)度損耗,但最終仍能實(shí)現(xiàn)與傳統(tǒng)SHA256算法相同的計(jì)算結(jié)果。經(jīng)過估算我們預(yù)期,如果采礦設(shè)備能實(shí)現(xiàn)上述優(yōu)化方案,挖礦速度將有所提高,一般每次挖礦僅需大約1.86倍,而不是原來2倍的SHA256算法運(yùn)行時(shí)間�？紤]到礦機(jī)單位時(shí)間內(nèi)需要完成巨大數(shù)量的SHA256計(jì)算,上述改進(jìn)將帶來非�？捎^的效益。
[Abstract]:The emergence of Bitcoin has attracted wide attention since the beginning of 2009, while the popularity of distributed virtual currency has increased rapidly.Since then, the industry has been active in Bitcoin mining, and in the hardware of Bitcoin mining, there has been an arms race to invest and improve.The top priority is the hashing rate and the energy consumption of mining equipment, which is directly related to the profit of Bitcoin mining.From the computer point of view, the mining of Bitcoin is essentially about the calculation of double SHA256 hash, that is, the multiple input of certain data streams repeatedly mixed to obtain the final results.Up to now, in the field of optimization of Bitcoin mining method, a lot of research is devoted to hardware optimization of SHA256 hash standard, and few software optimization of Bitcoin specific SHA256 mining algorithm.This paper focuses on the optimization of Bitcoin mining process and SHA256 hash algorithm in order to improve mining efficiency.The innovation is to propose and analyze several steps to improve the mining protocol of Bitcoin double SHA256 hash algorithm based on the idea of software, and then some code tests are carried out.According to preliminary estimates, using these optimization proposals under the same hardware conditions will require only about 1.86 times of SHA256 operation time, rather than 2 times the normal SHA256 operating time.In addition, we also put forward some suggestions on the reward method of Bitcoin mining: from the jump reward model to the linear reward model, this will bring better fairness in the long run.In addition, in order to improve the collision resistance and avalanche effect of the hash results, we also propose an improved scheme for the SHA256 algorithm itself.In the first half of the paper, the historical background and research status of Bitcoin are introduced, the concept, composition, function design of Bitcoin and SHA256 algorithm are expounded, and the future improvement ideas are put forward, while the latter part discusses Bitcoin block hash algorithm and its meaning.This paper describes in detail the optimization and improvement of the existing Bitcoin mining algorithms, that is, the introduction of specific optimization methods in specific stages to reduce the scheduling loss of specific wheels, but the same calculation results as the traditional SHA256 algorithm can be achieved in the end.It is estimated that if the mining equipment can achieve the above optimization scheme, the mining speed will be improved, usually only about 1.86 times per mining, rather than 2 times the original SHA256 algorithm running time.Considering that a large number of SHA256 calculations are needed per unit time of the mine, these improvements will bring considerable benefits.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F821;TP311.13

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