本文選題：相移法　切入點：掃描測量　出處：《山東大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：光學三維形貌測量技術因具有非接觸、精度高、易于實現(xiàn)自動化等特點而獲得廣泛的應用。為了能夠滿足實際測量的需要,大量的光學三維形貌測量系統(tǒng)和儀器被開發(fā)設計;雖然這些儀器能滿足一定的測量要求,但其結構較為復雜,成本較高,測量精度較低、實時性差從而嚴重制約了大規(guī)模的應用。因此,設計和開發(fā)一套性能完善的三維形貌測試儀具有重要的研究意義和應用價值。本文基于相移法來進行測量,同時結合光切法的優(yōu)點,采用一維掃描的方式來實現(xiàn)全景測量。即將投影儀和攝像機固定,待測物體放置于電動平臺上,通過控制電動平臺的移動來實現(xiàn)待測物的掃描測量;采用掃描相移算法對掃描圖像的中心部分進行處理,通過相位拼接、系統(tǒng)標定、坐標轉(zhuǎn)換來獲得物體的完整形貌。設計了一套完整的基于快速掃描相移算法的三維形貌測試儀。主要內(nèi)容如下:1.系統(tǒng)介紹了物體三維形貌測量方法,并重點對幾種常用的光學三維形貌測量方法進行了分析比較,總結了它們各自的優(yōu)缺點,并據(jù)此提出了本文所采用的掃描相移算法。2.對本文所采用的等步長的Stoilov算法進行了研究,分析了其存在的計算誤差,并對已有的改進方法進行了相應的實驗驗證,找到了適合本測量系統(tǒng)的改進算法。同時研究了相移步長量對改進算法測量結果的影響,得出了相移步長量為π/2時,其測量結果最佳。3.詳細介紹了三維形貌測量儀的基本測量原理和方法,并對掃描測量的相位提取和相位拼接方法等進行了研究,找到了適合本測量系統(tǒng)的相位提取和圖像拼接方法。4.對該掃描測量系統(tǒng)的標定方法進行了研究,找到了高度和相位差之間的映射關系,詳細介紹了系統(tǒng)標定的原理和方法,并對標定方法進行了相應的實驗驗證。5.基于測量原理和方法,設計了一套完整的掃描測量系統(tǒng)。采用C++builder編寫了完整的掃描圖像采集系統(tǒng),實現(xiàn)了掃描圖像的自動采集和保存。采用Matlab軟件編寫了圖像處理程序,完成了對掃描圖像的相位提取、相位展開、圖像拼接、系統(tǒng)標定和三維顯示等,實現(xiàn)了自動化測量。采用該系統(tǒng)對不同的物體分別進行了測量實驗,得到了較好的測量結果,驗證了測量系統(tǒng)的可行性。
[Abstract]:Optical 3D topography measurement technology has been widely used because of its characteristics of non-contact, high precision and easy to realize automation.In order to meet the needs of practical measurement, a large number of optical three-dimensional topography measurement systems and instruments have been developed and designed.Poor real-time performance seriously restricts large-scale applications.Therefore, the design and development of a complete set of three-dimensional topography tester has important research significance and application value.In this paper, the phase shift method is used to measure the panorama, and combined with the advantages of the optical cutting method, one dimensional scanning method is used to realize the panoramic measurement.The projector and camera are fixed, the object to be tested is placed on the electric platform, the scanning measurement of the object is realized by controlling the movement of the electric platform, and the scanning phase shift algorithm is used to process the center part of the scanning image.The complete shape of the object is obtained by phase splicing, system calibration and coordinate transformation.A complete set of three-dimensional topography tester based on fast scanning phase shift algorithm is designed.The main content is as follows: 1.In this paper, three dimensional topography measurement methods are systematically introduced, and several commonly used optical three dimensional topography measurement methods are analyzed and compared, their respective advantages and disadvantages are summarized, and the scanning phase shift algorithm. 2.In this paper, the Stoilov algorithm with equal step size is studied, the calculation error is analyzed, and the existing improved method is verified by experiments, and an improved algorithm suitable for this measurement system is found.At the same time, the influence of the phase shift step on the measurement result of the improved algorithm is studied. It is concluded that the phase shift step size is 蟺 / 2 and the measurement result is the best. 3.The basic measurement principle and method of 3D topography measuring instrument are introduced in detail, and the phase extraction and phase splicing methods of scanning measurement are studied, and the phase extraction and image stitching method suitable for this measuring system is found.The calibration method of the scanning measurement system is studied, the mapping relationship between height and phase difference is found, the principle and method of system calibration are introduced in detail, and the calibration method is verified by experiments.Based on the measurement principle and method, a complete scanning measurement system is designed.A complete scanning image acquisition system is developed with C builder, which realizes the automatic acquisition and preservation of scanned images.The image processing program is written with Matlab software, and the phase extraction, phase unwrapping, image splicing, system calibration and 3D display of the scanned image are completed, and the automatic measurement is realized.The system is used to measure different objects, and good results are obtained, and the feasibility of the system is verified.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP391.41

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本文編號：1717322