【摘要】：近年來(lái),經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展迅速,城市化進(jìn)程加快,給城市環(huán)衛(wèi)工作帶來(lái)了壓力。而人們的環(huán)保意識(shí)逐步加強(qiáng),對(duì)環(huán)境質(zhì)量的要求越來(lái)越高。同時(shí),我國(guó)公路總里程逐年增加,高速公路總里程也升至世界第一。機(jī)械化,現(xiàn)代化的道路清掃方式成為道路養(yǎng)護(hù)必然的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。政府對(duì)環(huán)衛(wèi)工作越來(lái)越重視,投入不斷增大。道路清掃車憑借其清掃效果好,清掃成本低等優(yōu)勢(shì),成為了道路環(huán)衛(wèi)的主要工具,得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。因此,清掃車市場(chǎng)十分廣闊,技術(shù)水平也快速發(fā)展。本文首先研究了空氣的物理性質(zhì)、流動(dòng)規(guī)律以及塵粒的物理性質(zhì)和一些參數(shù)。塵粒在氣流中主要受到的力有:氣流阻力、上升力、沖擊力及重力。其中,沖擊力對(duì)塵粒的起動(dòng)起主導(dǎo)的作用。通過(guò)對(duì)塵粒受力分析,得到了塵粒的起動(dòng)機(jī)理,簡(jiǎn)而言之即氣流速度超過(guò)塵粒的起動(dòng)速度后,塵粒滾動(dòng)而相互碰撞,受到?jīng)_擊力起跳。而后計(jì)算出兩個(gè)重要的參數(shù):塵粒的起動(dòng)速度以及塵粒的懸浮速度,為后面氣力輸送系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)、仿真以及結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化提供了理論和數(shù)據(jù)支持。然后對(duì)氣力輸送系統(tǒng)兩個(gè)最重要的部件的設(shè)計(jì)理論進(jìn)行了研究。吸嘴的設(shè)計(jì)要做到符合清掃車行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、結(jié)構(gòu)合理、氣流速度分布合理、流場(chǎng)能量損失小等原則。對(duì)吸嘴各個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進(jìn)行了分析。對(duì)于其中最重要的參數(shù)收縮角α,研究了它影響流場(chǎng)氣流速度分布和壓力損失的原理。這對(duì)分析吸嘴流場(chǎng)以及對(duì)吸嘴結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化至關(guān)重要。接著通過(guò)對(duì)風(fēng)機(jī)風(fēng)量風(fēng)壓的計(jì)算,得到風(fēng)機(jī)的選擇原則。吸嘴內(nèi)流場(chǎng)能量損失有兩種:局部損失和沿程損失。其中局部損失來(lái)源于吸嘴和風(fēng)道連接處的形狀變化,比如收縮角處,氣流在形狀變化的位置流向急劇變化,形成渦流,這也是流場(chǎng)分布不合理的主要原因,因此在優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)也要針對(duì)減小局部損失這個(gè)問(wèn)題,使吸嘴內(nèi)空氣流動(dòng)盡量平滑,減小氣流方向急劇變化的情況,從而對(duì)吸嘴的形狀進(jìn)行改善。對(duì)本文研究的吸嘴進(jìn)行了仿真,從仿真結(jié)果可以看出,當(dāng)前吸嘴流場(chǎng)分布存在不合理之處,會(huì)導(dǎo)致吸塵效率降低,需要改變吸嘴結(jié)構(gòu)使氣流分布更合理。最后根據(jù)減少局部損失這個(gè)原則,對(duì)吸嘴肩部?jī)蓚�(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理之處進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)。修改模型后重新仿真。證明了改進(jìn)后的結(jié)構(gòu)更有利于塵粒加速和起動(dòng),并大大減少了能量消耗,提高了清掃效率。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the rapid development of economy and the acceleration of urbanization have brought pressure to the work of urban sanitation. However, people's awareness of environmental protection is gradually strengthened, and the requirements for environmental quality are getting higher and higher. At the same time, the total mileage of highway in our country increases year by year, and the total mileage of expressway also rises to the first in the world. Mechanization and modernization of road cleaning have become the inevitable development trend of road maintenance. The government pays more and more attention to sanitation work and invests more and more. Because of its good cleaning effect and low cleaning cost, road sweeper has become the main tool of road sanitation and has been widely used. Therefore, the market of sweeper is very broad, and the technical level is also developing rapidly. In this paper, the physical properties of air, the flow law, the physical properties and some parameters of dust particles are studied. The main forces of dust particles in the air flow are: airflow resistance, lift force, impact force and gravity. Among them, the impact force plays a leading role in the starting of dust particles. Through the analysis of the force acting on the dust particles, the starting mechanism of the dust particles is obtained. In short, after the air flow velocity exceeds the starting speed of the dust particles, the dust particles roll and collide with each other, and are taken off by the impact force. Then two important parameters are calculated: the starting speed of dust particles and the suspension speed of dust particles, which provides theoretical and data support for the design, simulation and structural optimization of the rear pneumatic conveying system. Then the design theory of two most important components of pneumatic conveying system is studied. The design of suction nozzle should meet the standards of cleaning car industry, the structure is reasonable, the distribution of air flow velocity is reasonable, and the energy loss of flow field is small. The structural parameters of the suction nozzle are analyzed. For the most important parameter shrinkage angle 偽, the principle that it affects the velocity distribution and pressure loss of flow field is studied. This is very important for analyzing the flow field of suction nozzle and optimizing the structure of suction nozzle. Then through the calculation of fan air volume and wind pressure, the selection principle of fan is obtained. There are two kinds of energy loss in the flow field in the suction nozzle: local loss and along-way loss. Among them, the local loss comes from the shape change at the connection between the suction nozzle and the air duct, such as the sharp change of the flow direction in the shape change position and the formation of vortex current, which is also the main reason for the unreasonable distribution of the flow field. Therefore, in optimizing the structural design, we should also aim at reducing the local loss, make the air flow in the suction nozzle as smooth as possible and reduce the sharp change of the direction of the air flow. In order to improve the shape of the suction nozzle. The suction nozzle studied in this paper is simulated. From the simulation results, it can be seen that the current flow field distribution of the suction nozzle is unreasonable, which will lead to the decrease of the cleaning efficiency, and it is necessary to change the suction nozzle structure to make the air flow distribution more reasonable. Finally, according to the principle of reducing local loss, the unreasonable structure of suction nozzle shoulder is improved. Modify the model and re-simulate. It is proved that the improved structure is more beneficial to the acceleration and starting of dust particles, and greatly reduces the energy consumption and improves the cleaning efficiency.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：U469.691

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