【摘要】：汽車高速行駛時產生的車外氣動噪聲會嚴重影響到車內駕駛員以及乘員的乘坐舒適性,因此,對于車外氣動噪聲的控制和降低成為了提高乘坐舒適性的重要途徑。通過實驗以及仿真分析發(fā)現,當氣流流經汽車A柱—后視鏡區(qū)域時產生了嚴重的分離和紊亂情況,因此,該區(qū)域是車外氣動噪聲的研究重點。目前,國內外在對車外后視鏡或者A柱上的氣動噪聲已有一些研究,但對于整個A柱—后視鏡區(qū)域的氣動噪聲研究還很少,尤其是在該區(qū)域的仿生降噪研究更是少之又少。因此,本課題就A柱—后視鏡區(qū)域,結合仿生學原理,將仿生造型應用在該區(qū)域,采用CFD數值仿真方法,研究仿生造型對某SUV流場以及聲場的影響機理。首先通過廣泛閱讀國內外汽車氣動噪聲的相關文獻,對國內外在汽車氣動噪聲方面研究有了一定的了解和掌握,學習了研究汽車氣動噪聲的方法以及仿生學理論。然后對本課題所采用的CFD仿真方法進行驗證。通過油流法實驗獲得該車型側窗表面的流線圖;通過壓力系數實驗,獲得側窗表面監(jiān)測點的壓力系數。然后建立該SUV車型的仿真模型以及模擬風洞模型,進行穩(wěn)態(tài)以及瞬態(tài)的仿真計算,分析A柱-后視鏡區(qū)域流場以及聲場,并與風洞實驗結果進行對比,從而驗證CFD仿真方法的可靠性和準確性。結合國家自然科學基金項目(NO.51175214基于柔性仿生車外造型的汽車內部氣動噪聲分析與控制方法研究),采用仿生半球凸起以及凹坑結構,對某款SUV車型的A柱-后視鏡區(qū)域進行仿生氣動降噪研究。在SUV的A柱、后視鏡以及A柱-后視鏡區(qū)域分別建立仿生半球凸起和凹坑模型,對六種仿生模型分別進行數值仿真計算,選取了具有代表性的模型1進行流場和壓力分析,通過對三個典型平面的流場進行分析,發(fā)現仿生模型對于A柱-后視鏡區(qū)域的流場具有一定的改善效果,因此,可以預測這種仿生模型也將有利于該區(qū)域氣動噪聲的降低。通過對比仿生模型和原模型的側窗監(jiān)測點1/3倍頻程聲壓級曲線以及總聲壓級,發(fā)現六種仿生模型都在一定程度上起到了降低側窗聲壓級的效果。為了進一步探究具有最優(yōu)降噪效果的仿生結構單元形態(tài)、分布位置以及尺寸大小,利用正交試驗設計,通過極差分析法對結果進行了綜合的分析和判斷。最終得到各個因素對氣動降噪的影響大小排序。根據每一因素對應的最大Ki值,從而得到最優(yōu)的仿生降噪方案。因此,對于汽車A柱-后視鏡區(qū)域,采用仿生凸起和凹坑造型,將有利于改善側窗表面的流場和聲場,起到控制車外氣動噪聲的作用。本課題的研究將對后續(xù)汽車仿生氣動降噪提供一定的指導和借鑒。
[Abstract]:The outdoor pneumatic noise caused by high speed driving will seriously affect the ride comfort of drivers and occupants. Therefore, the control and reduction of outdoor pneumatic noise has become an important way to improve ride comfort. Through experiments and simulation analysis, it is found that when the airflow flows through the A-column rearview mirror area of the automobile, there is a serious separation and disorder, so this area is the focus of the research on the pneumatic noise outside the vehicle. At present, there have been some studies on the pneumatic noise on the external rearview mirror or A column at home and abroad, but the research on the pneumatic noise in the whole A column rearview mirror area is still very few, especially in this area, especially the bionic noise reduction research is very few. Therefore, in this paper, the bionic modeling is applied to the A column rearview mirror region and the bionic principle, and the influence mechanism of bionic modeling on a SUV flow field and sound field is studied by using CFD numerical simulation method. Firstly, through extensive reading of the relevant literature of automobile pneumatic noise at home and abroad, we have a certain understanding and mastery of the research on automobile pneumatic noise at home and abroad, and learn the method of studying automobile pneumatic noise and the bionic theory. Then the CFD simulation method used in this paper is verified. The flow diagram of the side window surface of the vehicle is obtained by the oil flow method, and the pressure coefficient of the monitoring point on the side window surface is obtained by the pressure coefficient experiment. Then the simulation model of the SUV model and the wind tunnel model are established, the steady-state and transient simulation calculations are carried out, the flow field and sound field in the A-column rearview mirror area are analyzed, and the results are compared with the wind tunnel experimental results. The reliability and accuracy of CFD simulation method are verified. Combined with the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NO.51175214 based on the analysis and control method of automobile internal pneumatic noise based on flexible bionic vehicle external modeling), the bionic hemispheric bulge and pit structure are adopted. The bionic pneumatic noise reduction of A column rearview mirror area of a SUV model is studied. The bionic hemispheric bulge and pit models are established in the A column, rearview mirror and A column rearview mirror region of SUV, respectively. The six bionic models are simulated and calculated, and the representative model 1 is selected for flow field and pressure analysis. Through the analysis of the flow field in three typical planes, it is found that the bionic model has a certain effect on improving the flow field in the A column-rearview mirror region. Therefore, it can be predicted that the bionic model will also be beneficial to the reduction of pneumatic noise in this region. By comparing the sound pressure level curve and the total sound pressure level of the side window monitoring point 1 / 3 between the bionic model and the original model, it is found that the six bionic models have the effect of reducing the sound pressure level of the side window to a certain extent. In order to further explore the shape, distribution position and size of bionic structural units with optimal noise reduction effect, the results are comprehensively analyzed and judged by orthogonal experimental design and extreme difference analysis method. Finally, the influence of each factor on pneumatic noise reduction is sorted. According to the maximum Ki value corresponding to each factor, the optimal bionic noise reduction scheme is obtained. Therefore, for the A-column rearview mirror area of automobile, the bionic protruding and pit modeling will be beneficial to improve the flow field and sound field on the surface of the side window, and play the role of controlling the pneumatic noise outside the vehicle. The research of this subject will provide some guidance and reference for the follow-up automobile bionic pneumatic noise reduction.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：U463.8;U461.1

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