【摘要】：隨著高校和車企對純電動汽車研發(fā)的日益深入,純電動汽車各方面性能得到不斷完善,其系統(tǒng)的復雜程度隨之增加,導致各電控系統(tǒng)的傳感器、執(zhí)行機構(gòu)和控制單元等出現(xiàn)故障的可能性增大。這對車輛的安全可靠性提出了更高的要求。如何降低故障發(fā)生的頻率、提高故障診斷準確性并及時進行可靠的容錯處理已成為純電動汽車研究的關(guān)鍵問題。本課題來源于吉林省高新電動汽車有限公司與吉林大學合作研發(fā)項目,通過制定合理的容錯控制策略,完善整車驅(qū)動控制策略,提高車輛的行駛安全性和可靠性。主要研究內(nèi)容如下:1)純電動客車典型故障機理分析。本文分別從加速踏板傳感器、動力電池組和電機驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)三方面分析了純電動客車可能存在的故障及其原因和影響,并結(jié)合實際情況,選取加速踏板傳感器和動力電池組作為故障診斷對象。2)故障診斷與容錯控制策略的制定。首先本文提取了加速踏板傳感器故障信號特征,提出了基于邏輯門限值的故障診斷方法,并加入故障確認模塊,減少誤診率。對加速踏板傳感器故障信號的容錯控制采用信號值動態(tài)替換的方法,實現(xiàn)了故障發(fā)生前后信號的平穩(wěn)過渡,確保了整車的行駛可靠性。其次,本文通過實驗得到環(huán)境溫度和充放電倍率與電池可用容量的關(guān)系,在實車運行中對劃分行駛模式的SOC值進行修正,完善驅(qū)動控制策略。最后,針對電機的過載故障采取輸出扭矩上限限制進行過載時間管理的策略,對電機欠壓、過溫、過流等故障以溫度為觀測量,分別采取降溫處理、限制輸出功率等策略。3)模型搭建及離線仿真。本文在MATLAB/Simulink下搭建了故障診斷及容錯控制策略模型,在CRUISE下搭建了整車動力學模型,對制定的容錯控制策略進行了聯(lián)合仿真,仿真結(jié)果表明故障診斷策略能夠很好的識別發(fā)生的故障,并且加入容錯控制策略后,整車行駛的可靠性得以提高。4)容錯控制的硬件在環(huán)試驗。本文基于課題組前期的整車控制策略硬件在環(huán)測試平臺,搭建整車動力學模型,修改功能測試接口定義,并編寫故障診斷與容錯控制策略程序,對提出的容錯控制策略進行試驗,試驗結(jié)果表明,在誤差允許范圍內(nèi),故障診斷能夠很好的檢測出發(fā)生的故障,制定的容錯控制策略能夠合理有效的對故障信號進行處理,驗證了容錯控制策略的可行性。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of the research and development of pure electric vehicles in universities and automobile enterprises, all aspects of the performance of pure electric vehicles have been constantly improved, and the complexity of the system has increased, leading to the sensors of each electronic control system. The possibility of failure of actuator and control unit is increased. This puts forward higher requirements for the safety and reliability of vehicles. How to reduce the frequency of fault occurrence, improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis and carry out reliable fault-tolerant processing in time have become the key problems in the research of pure electric vehicle. This project comes from the project of cooperation between Jilin province high-tech electric vehicle co., Ltd and Jilin university. Through making reasonable fault-tolerant control strategy and perfecting the driving control strategy of the whole vehicle, the driving safety and reliability of the vehicle can be improved. The main research contents are as follows: 1) Analysis of typical fault mechanism of pure electric bus. In this paper, the possible faults, causes and effects of pure electric bus are analyzed from three aspects: acceleration pedal sensor, power battery pack and motor drive system, and combined with the actual situation. The acceleration pedal sensor and power battery pack are selected as fault diagnosis objects. 2) Fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control strategy formulation. Firstly, the fault signal characteristics of acceleration pedal sensor are extracted, and a fault diagnosis method based on logical threshold value is proposed, and a fault confirmation module is added to reduce the misdiagnosis rate. The fault tolerant control of the fault signal of the acceleration pedal sensor adopts the method of dynamic replacement of the signal value, which realizes the smooth transition of the signal before and after the failure, and ensures the driving reliability of the whole vehicle. Secondly, the relationship between the environment temperature, charge-discharge rate and the usable capacity of the battery is obtained through the experiment. In the real vehicle operation, the SOC value of dividing the driving mode is modified to perfect the driving control strategy. Finally, aiming at the overload fault of motor, the strategy of overloading time management is adopted to limit the upper limit of output torque. The faults such as under-voltage, over-temperature and over-current of motor are measured according to temperature, and the cooling treatment is adopted respectively. Strategies such as limiting output power. 3) Modeling and off-line simulation. In this paper, the fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control strategy model is built under MATLAB/Simulink, the vehicle dynamics model is built under CRUISE, and the fault-tolerant control strategy is simulated jointly. The simulation results show that the fault diagnosis strategy can identify the faults well, and the reliability of the vehicle can be improved by adding the fault-tolerant control strategy. 4) the hardware-in-loop test of fault-tolerant control is carried out. Based on the hardware-in-the-loop test platform of the whole vehicle control strategy, this paper builds the vehicle dynamics model, modifies the function test interface definition, and compiles the fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control strategy program. The test results of the proposed fault-tolerant control strategy show that the fault diagnosis can detect the fault within the allowable range of the error, and the fault-tolerant control strategy can deal with the fault signal reasonably and effectively. The feasibility of fault-tolerant control strategy is verified.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：U469.72

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