【摘要】：隨著消防、通信、反恐等的需求增加以及電力電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展,越來(lái)越多的電氣設(shè)備被安裝在特種車輛上。于是對(duì)車載發(fā)電系統(tǒng)提出了更高的要求,研發(fā)出一種能夠提高發(fā)電機(jī)利用率,增大發(fā)電機(jī)功率密度的控制器非常具有意義。本文從功率因數(shù)角度出發(fā),采用一種三相六開關(guān)PWM整流器拓?fù)?旨在提高現(xiàn)有發(fā)電機(jī)功率因數(shù)和解決變轉(zhuǎn)速的穩(wěn)壓?jiǎn)栴}。本文首先介紹了PWM整流器的工作原理,并推導(dǎo)了其在不同坐標(biāo)系下的數(shù)學(xué)模型。依據(jù)PWM整流器在d-q坐標(biāo)系下的數(shù)學(xué)模型,給出了一種較為常見的前饋解耦雙閉環(huán)控制方法,電壓前饋能夠抑制輸入電壓的干擾,電流解耦控制能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)d-q軸相互獨(dú)立控制。其次介紹了PWM整流器在車載發(fā)電機(jī)中的應(yīng)用方案,由于發(fā)電機(jī)電樞電勢(shì)不可測(cè),于是著重介紹了滑模變結(jié)構(gòu)觀測(cè)器理論,并介紹了其構(gòu)造方法和濾波方法�；Ｓ^測(cè)器能夠通過(guò)發(fā)電機(jī)端電壓和電流觀測(cè)出發(fā)電機(jī)電樞電勢(shì),魯棒性和精度均較好。接著,依據(jù)前面的理論分析,對(duì)整個(gè)發(fā)電機(jī)PWM整流系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了軟硬件設(shè)計(jì),以Altera公司的FPGA芯片為控制核心,設(shè)計(jì)了主電路系統(tǒng)、驅(qū)動(dòng)電路、采樣電路和通信電路等。軟件方面介紹了主要模塊的設(shè)計(jì)思路和流程,設(shè)計(jì)了包括主程序、滑模觀測(cè)器、PI程序、SVPWM、保護(hù)程序和上位機(jī)程序等。最后,設(shè)計(jì)了一臺(tái)樣機(jī),并在搭建的實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)上進(jìn)行了多項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn),實(shí)驗(yàn)的波形和數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證本文采用的方案可行性,達(dá)到了預(yù)期的目的。
[Abstract]:With the increasing demand of fire fighting, communication, counterterrorism and the development of power electronics, more and more electrical equipments are installed on special vehicles. Therefore, a higher demand is put forward to the on-board power generation system. It is very meaningful to develop a controller that can improve the utilization rate of generators and increase the power density of generators. In this paper, a three-phase six-switch PWM rectifier topology is adopted from the point of view of power factor, which aims to improve the power factor of existing generators and to solve the problem of variable speed voltage stabilization. This paper first introduces the working principle of PWM rectifier and deduces its mathematical model in different coordinate systems. Based on the mathematical model of PWM rectifier in d-q coordinate system, a common feedforward decoupling double closed loop control method is presented. Voltage feedforward can suppress the interference of input voltage. Current decoupling control can realize d-Q axis independent control. Secondly, the application scheme of PWM rectifier in on-board generator is introduced. Because the armature potential of generator can not be measured, the theory of sliding mode variable structure observer is introduced emphatically, and the construction method and filtering method are also introduced. The sliding mode observer can measure the armature potential of the generator through the generator terminal voltage and current, and has good robustness and accuracy. Then, according to the previous theoretical analysis, the hardware and software of the whole generator PWM rectifier system are designed. The main circuit system, driving circuit, sampling circuit and communication circuit are designed with the FPGA chip of Altera Company as the control core. In the aspect of software, the design idea and flow chart of the main module are introduced, including the main program, sliding mode observer, PI program, SVPWM, protection program and upper computer program. Finally, a prototype is designed, and a number of experiments are carried out on the platform. The waveform and data of the experiment verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme and achieve the desired purpose.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)航天科技集團(tuán)公司第一研究院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：U463.631

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