【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,群眾對(duì)購(gòu)車的需求旺盛,汽車保有量呈快速增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)。機(jī)動(dòng)車及駕駛?cè)藬?shù)量的迅速增長(zhǎng),帶給人們便捷生活的同時(shí),也帶來(lái)不容忽視的安全隱患,以及能源缺乏、空氣污染等一系列社會(huì)問題。在頻發(fā)的各類交通事故中,汽車追尾碰撞的發(fā)生率不僅很高且致殘率達(dá)到53.5%,碰撞造成的頸部揮鞭傷不僅使患者承受巨大的痛苦,也帶來(lái)巨大的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。目前國(guó)內(nèi)外追尾碰撞駕駛員的頸部損傷研究主要基于滑車鞭打試驗(yàn),關(guān)于車與車追尾碰撞的損傷研究較少。為探究駕駛員在實(shí)際追尾碰撞中的頸部損傷風(fēng)險(xiǎn),本文重點(diǎn)對(duì)比分析了鞭打試驗(yàn)和車與車追尾碰撞的駕駛員損傷特點(diǎn),并進(jìn)行了多種工況的參數(shù)優(yōu)化。本文的主要工作和研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:1、采用了SUV車型Explorer和中級(jí)車Taurus的整車碰撞有限元模型,進(jìn)行了不同碰撞速度下的車與車追尾有限元仿真;建立了被碰撞車輛Taurus的駕駛員約束系統(tǒng)模型,結(jié)合鞭打試驗(yàn),對(duì)比分析了駕駛員頸部的損傷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。2、建立了追尾碰撞的綜合損傷指標(biāo)WIC并以此為優(yōu)化目標(biāo),對(duì)鞭打試驗(yàn)工況和車與車追尾碰撞三組速度工況的駕駛員約束系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了多目標(biāo)參數(shù)優(yōu)化,有效降低駕駛員頸部損傷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。3、基于2015版C-NCAP鞭打試驗(yàn)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),對(duì)四種追尾碰撞工況輸出的損傷結(jié)果進(jìn)行評(píng)分,篩選后得到滿足多種碰撞工況優(yōu)化效果的參數(shù)范圍。論文研究表明,實(shí)際車輛之間發(fā)生追尾碰撞時(shí),垂直方向加速度會(huì)加劇追尾碰撞中的駕駛員頸部損傷,低速工況時(shí)影響最為顯著,故在研究低速追尾碰撞駕駛員損傷時(shí),有必要將其考慮在內(nèi);隨著碰撞車輛和碰撞速度不同,垂直方向加速度對(duì)駕駛員損傷的影響程度也不同;對(duì)多種追尾工況的駕駛員約束系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行頭枕的參數(shù)優(yōu)化,采用2015版C-NCAP鞭打試驗(yàn)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)優(yōu)化結(jié)果進(jìn)行篩選,得出同時(shí)滿足四種追尾工況優(yōu)化目標(biāo)的頭枕參數(shù)范圍,為今后主動(dòng)式頭枕的參數(shù)匹配設(shè)計(jì)提供了參考。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of our country's social economy, the demand of the masses for the purchase of cars is exuberant, and the quantity of automobile ownership is increasing rapidly. The rapid growth of the number of motor vehicles and drivers has brought people a convenient life, but also brought about a series of social problems, such as lack of energy, air pollution and so on. Among the frequent traffic accidents, the incidence of rear-end collision is not only very high and the disability rate is up to 53.5%. The neck whiplash injury caused by the collision not only causes great pain to the patients, but also brings huge social and economic losses. At present, the research on neck damage of rear-end collision drivers at home and abroad is mainly based on the whipping test of the pulley, but there is little research on the damage caused by the rear-end collision between the vehicle and the vehicle. In order to explore the risk of neck injury in actual rear-end collision, this paper focuses on contrasting and analyzing the characteristics of driver's injury in whipping test and rear-end collision between vehicle and vehicle, and optimizes the parameters of various working conditions. The main work and research contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The finite element model of the whole vehicle collision of SUV vehicle Explorer and intermediate vehicle Taurus is adopted, and the finite element simulation of the rear end of the vehicle with different collision speed is carried out. The driver restraint system model of the collided vehicle Taurus is established. Combined with the whipping test, the injury risk of the driver's neck is compared and analyzed. 2. The comprehensive injury index WIC of the rear-end collision is established and used as the optimization target. In order to reduce the risk of neck injury effectively, the multi-objective parameter optimization is carried out on the driver restraint system under the conditions of whipping test and three groups of speed conditions of vehicle rear-end collision. 3. Based on the 2015 C-NCAP score standard for whipping test, The damage results of four kinds of rear-end impact conditions were evaluated, and the parameters to meet the optimal impact conditions were obtained. The research shows that the vertical acceleration will aggravate the neck injury of the driver in the rear-end collision, and the most significant effect at the low speed, so when the driver is injured in the low-speed rear-end collision, the paper shows that the acceleration in the vertical direction will aggravate the neck damage of the driver in the rear-end collision. It is necessary to take them into account; The impact of vertical acceleration on driver's damage is different with the impact vehicle and collision speed. This paper optimizes the headrest parameters of the driver restraint system in various rear-end working conditions, and selects the optimized results by using the 2015 C-NCAP whip test score standard, and obtains the range of headrest parameters that meet the optimization objectives of the four rear-end working conditions at the same time. It provides a reference for the parameter matching design of active headrest in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：U467.14

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