電動(dòng)汽車永磁同步輪轂電機(jī)控制方法的研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-14 09:10
【摘要】：自上個(gè)世紀(jì)中葉,永久磁性材料被應(yīng)用于電機(jī)的制造中,隨著電力電子技術(shù)和微電子技術(shù)的蓬勃發(fā)展,永磁同步電機(jī)也獲得了廣闊的應(yīng)用空間。同時(shí)在國(guó)家“節(jié)能減排”,汽車工業(yè)的急速發(fā)展的大背景下,環(huán)保問題越來越受到重視,為了解決上述問題,并且大幅改善燃油的使用情況,毫無疑問電動(dòng)汽車將得到廣泛應(yīng)用。永磁同步電機(jī)以其體積小、功率因數(shù)高和結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、靈活等優(yōu)點(diǎn),已經(jīng)成為電動(dòng)汽車驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的主流電機(jī)之一。從電動(dòng)汽車對(duì)輪轂電機(jī)的啟動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩、功率密度、可靠性等性能指標(biāo)的角度來考慮,在電機(jī)的選擇上做了對(duì)比。從電機(jī)本體來對(duì)比,永磁同步電機(jī)與異步電機(jī)的可靠性相當(dāng),但由于永磁同步電機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)的靈活性,便于實(shí)現(xiàn)直接驅(qū)動(dòng)負(fù)載,省去了可靠性不高的減速箱和傳統(tǒng)電機(jī)故障率高的軸承,大大提高了傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的可靠性�；趯�(duì)比,最終選擇了永磁同步電機(jī)作為輪轂電機(jī)的首選,并進(jìn)行詳細(xì)敘述。本文采取積分滑�？刂品椒ê腿娖侥孀兤髋浜峡刂朴来磐诫姍C(jī)�；Ｗ兘Y(jié)構(gòu)控制策略的特殊就在于系統(tǒng)的“結(jié)構(gòu)”并非是固定的,在系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)運(yùn)行中,根據(jù)系統(tǒng)實(shí)時(shí)的狀態(tài)有目的、有針對(duì)性地不斷變化,將系統(tǒng)強(qiáng)制拉回開始設(shè)定好的“滑動(dòng)模態(tài)”的狀態(tài)軌跡運(yùn)動(dòng)。所以這種控制算法是一類特殊的非線性、不連續(xù)性的控制。同時(shí),三電平逆變器具有提高電能利用率、減小諧波危害等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。本文選擇積分滑模算法使系統(tǒng)具有魯棒性,并利用三電平逆變器的控制優(yōu)點(diǎn)實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)能,提高系統(tǒng)可靠性的需求。最后通過Simulink和永磁同步電機(jī)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)架證明了方法的可行性。本文的主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新點(diǎn):1.本文采取帶反饋的0di?控制對(duì)電流進(jìn)行矢量解耦。常規(guī)的0di?控制方式,只是將零值與系統(tǒng)反饋的電流值通過比例積分作用的數(shù)據(jù)輸入到坐標(biāo)變換模塊,但是永磁同步電機(jī)內(nèi)部參數(shù)有可能受到“溫飄”影響,造成di電流反饋不夠精確。本文將電機(jī)輸出的di、qi、?數(shù)值反饋給系統(tǒng),動(dòng)態(tài)性能更好。2.本文針對(duì)永磁同步電機(jī)非線性、強(qiáng)耦合及參數(shù)不確定的特點(diǎn),采用積分滑�？刂扑惴▽�(duì)電機(jī)進(jìn)行控制。對(duì)電機(jī)運(yùn)行在不同工作狀態(tài)中具有一定的自調(diào)節(jié)功能,魯棒性強(qiáng);同時(shí)為滿足電能利用率,減小諧波危害的需求,逆變器選擇以SVPWM(空間矢量控制)為技術(shù)支持的三電平逆變器,提高電機(jī)的控制性能,更好的實(shí)現(xiàn)快速精確的轉(zhuǎn)矩跟蹤控制,減小轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動(dòng)。
[Abstract]:Since the middle of the last century, permanent magnetic materials have been used in the manufacture of electric motors. With the rapid development of power electronics and microelectronics technology, permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) have been widely used. At the same time, in the context of the country's "energy saving and emission reduction" and the rapid development of the automobile industry, more and more attention has been paid to environmental protection issues. In order to solve the above problems and substantially improve the use of fuel, There is no doubt that electric cars will be widely used. Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has become one of the mainstream motors in electric vehicle drive system because of its small size, high power factor, simple structure and flexibility. Considering the starting torque, power density and reliability of electric vehicle to hub motor, the selection of motor is compared. Comparing with the motor body, the reliability of PMSM is equivalent to that of asynchronous motor, but because of the flexibility of PMSM structure, it is convenient to realize the direct driving load. The reducer with low reliability and the bearing with high failure rate of traditional motor are eliminated, and the reliability of transmission system is greatly improved. Based on comparison, permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is chosen as the first choice of hub motor and described in detail. In this paper, permanent magnet synchronous motor is controlled by integral sliding mode control and three-level inverter. The special of sliding mode variable structure control strategy is that the "structure" of the system is not fixed. Force the system back to the state trajectory of the "sliding mode" that has been set. Therefore, this control algorithm is a special class of nonlinear, discontinuous control. At the same time, the three-level inverter has the advantages of improving the utilization rate of electric energy and reducing the harm of harmonics. In this paper, the integrated sliding mode algorithm is chosen to make the system robust, and the requirement of saving energy and improving the reliability of the system is realized by using the control advantages of the three-level inverter. Finally, the feasibility of the method is proved by Simulink and PMSM test bench. The main innovation of this paper: 1. This paper takes a feedback 0dii? Control vector decoupling of current. Regular 0dii? In the control mode, the zero value and the current value of the system feedback are only input into the coordinate transformation module through the data of the proportional integral action, but the internal parameters of the permanent magnet synchronous motor may be affected by "temperature drift", resulting in the inaccuracy of the di current feedback. In this paper, the output of the motor di,qi,? Numerical feedback to the system, dynamic performance is better. 2. Aiming at the characteristics of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) such as nonlinear, strong coupling and uncertain parameters, the integral sliding mode control algorithm is used to control the PMSM. It has certain self-regulating function and strong robustness to the motor running in different working conditions. In order to meet the demand of energy utilization and reduce harmonic damage, the inverter chooses three-level inverter supported by SVPWM (Space Vector Control) technology to improve the control performance of the motor and better realize the fast and accurate torque tracking control. Reduce torque ripple.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：U469.72
本文編號(hào)：2330744
[Abstract]:Since the middle of the last century, permanent magnetic materials have been used in the manufacture of electric motors. With the rapid development of power electronics and microelectronics technology, permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) have been widely used. At the same time, in the context of the country's "energy saving and emission reduction" and the rapid development of the automobile industry, more and more attention has been paid to environmental protection issues. In order to solve the above problems and substantially improve the use of fuel, There is no doubt that electric cars will be widely used. Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has become one of the mainstream motors in electric vehicle drive system because of its small size, high power factor, simple structure and flexibility. Considering the starting torque, power density and reliability of electric vehicle to hub motor, the selection of motor is compared. Comparing with the motor body, the reliability of PMSM is equivalent to that of asynchronous motor, but because of the flexibility of PMSM structure, it is convenient to realize the direct driving load. The reducer with low reliability and the bearing with high failure rate of traditional motor are eliminated, and the reliability of transmission system is greatly improved. Based on comparison, permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is chosen as the first choice of hub motor and described in detail. In this paper, permanent magnet synchronous motor is controlled by integral sliding mode control and three-level inverter. The special of sliding mode variable structure control strategy is that the "structure" of the system is not fixed. Force the system back to the state trajectory of the "sliding mode" that has been set. Therefore, this control algorithm is a special class of nonlinear, discontinuous control. At the same time, the three-level inverter has the advantages of improving the utilization rate of electric energy and reducing the harm of harmonics. In this paper, the integrated sliding mode algorithm is chosen to make the system robust, and the requirement of saving energy and improving the reliability of the system is realized by using the control advantages of the three-level inverter. Finally, the feasibility of the method is proved by Simulink and PMSM test bench. The main innovation of this paper: 1. This paper takes a feedback 0dii? Control vector decoupling of current. Regular 0dii? In the control mode, the zero value and the current value of the system feedback are only input into the coordinate transformation module through the data of the proportional integral action, but the internal parameters of the permanent magnet synchronous motor may be affected by "temperature drift", resulting in the inaccuracy of the di current feedback. In this paper, the output of the motor di,qi,? Numerical feedback to the system, dynamic performance is better. 2. Aiming at the characteristics of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) such as nonlinear, strong coupling and uncertain parameters, the integral sliding mode control algorithm is used to control the PMSM. It has certain self-regulating function and strong robustness to the motor running in different working conditions. In order to meet the demand of energy utilization and reduce harmonic damage, the inverter chooses three-level inverter supported by SVPWM (Space Vector Control) technology to improve the control performance of the motor and better realize the fast and accurate torque tracking control. Reduce torque ripple.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：U469.72
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