【摘要】：公交車(chē)是人們出行的重要交通工具,其輕量化能有效提高載客量,實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)能減排。車(chē)身骨架是客車(chē)的主要承載結(jié)構(gòu),對(duì)其進(jìn)行輕量化研究具有重要意義。依據(jù)有限元思想,運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代優(yōu)化理論,采用優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)方法,借助有限元軟件,對(duì)某客車(chē)公司的公交車(chē)車(chē)身骨架進(jìn)行了輕量化研究。以構(gòu)建的公交車(chē)三維數(shù)字模型為基礎(chǔ),模擬了公交車(chē)懸架系統(tǒng)以及車(chē)身骨架有限元模型,進(jìn)行了典型四種工況即水平彎曲、極限扭轉(zhuǎn)、緊急制動(dòng)、急速轉(zhuǎn)彎工況的模擬,分析了骨架靜態(tài)特性。通過(guò)車(chē)身骨架自由模態(tài)的低階振動(dòng)情況分析了骨架動(dòng)態(tài)特性,得到了骨架的強(qiáng)度、剛度以及低階振動(dòng)頻率的參數(shù)。以骨架的一階彎曲頻率、一階扭轉(zhuǎn)頻率、彎曲柔度以及扭轉(zhuǎn)柔度為約束條件,以體積最小為目標(biāo)函數(shù),對(duì)骨架進(jìn)行了拓?fù)鋬?yōu)化。以拓?fù)鋬?yōu)化結(jié)果為依據(jù),選取371組桿件為設(shè)計(jì)變量,對(duì)骨架進(jìn)行了靈敏度分析。根據(jù)拓?fù)鋬?yōu)化和靈敏度分析的結(jié)果,結(jié)合企業(yè)對(duì)定型產(chǎn)品的規(guī)定要求以及鋼結(jié)構(gòu)材料的國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn),提出了車(chē)身骨架的輕量化方案,使骨架質(zhì)量減輕了240kg。與原骨架相比,新骨架保持了原有的扭轉(zhuǎn)剛度和模態(tài)振動(dòng)性能,彎曲剛度得到提高,強(qiáng)度性能明顯改善,實(shí)現(xiàn)了客車(chē)車(chē)身骨架輕量化目標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:Bus is an important vehicle for people to travel, its lightweight can effectively increase the capacity of passengers, achieve energy saving and emission reduction. Body skeleton is the main bearing structure of passenger cars, so it is of great significance to study its lightweight. According to the idea of finite element, using modern optimization theory, adopting optimization design method and using finite element software, the light weight of bus body skeleton of a bus company is studied. Based on the three dimensional digital model of bus, the finite element model of bus suspension system and body skeleton is simulated, and the typical four working conditions, namely horizontal bending, ultimate torsion, emergency braking and rapid turning, are simulated. The static properties of the skeleton are analyzed. The dynamic characteristics of the skeleton are analyzed by the low order vibration of the free mode of the body skeleton, and the parameters of the skeleton strength, stiffness and low order vibration frequency are obtained. Taking the first-order bending frequency, first-order torsional frequency, bending flexibility and torsional flexibility of the skeleton as the constraint conditions, and taking the minimum volume as the objective function, the topological optimization of the skeleton is carried out. Based on the results of topology optimization, 371 groups of bars are selected as design variables, and the sensitivity of skeleton is analyzed. According to the results of topology optimization and sensitivity analysis, combined with the requirements of the enterprise for the final products and the national standards of steel structure materials, the lightweight scheme of the body skeleton is put forward, which reduces the quality of the skeleton by 240 kg. Compared with the original skeleton, the new skeleton maintains the original torsional stiffness and modal vibration performance, and the bending stiffness is improved, the strength performance is improved obviously, and the lightweight target of the frame of the bus body is achieved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U463.831

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