【摘要】：隨著科技的進(jìn)步,電動(dòng)汽車已成為汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的重要發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。目前,我國(guó)的電動(dòng)汽車充電設(shè)施已建成使用的有充電站和充電樁,使用方式均為手動(dòng)式充電,智能化程度較低,且對(duì)使用時(shí)的技術(shù)方法和使用安全性提出了較高要求。另一方面,電動(dòng)汽車露天停放時(shí)缺少一些必要防護(hù),因而容易被曬傷、凍傷、刮傷,使用車衣是解決這些問題的有效辦法,但現(xiàn)有車衣大多為手動(dòng)車衣,使用起來(lái)很麻煩。為了解決這些問題,本文設(shè)計(jì)了一種電動(dòng)汽車自動(dòng)充電及自動(dòng)車衣一體機(jī)(簡(jiǎn)稱電動(dòng)汽車自動(dòng)車衣)。自動(dòng)充電裝置可以給電動(dòng)汽車自動(dòng)充電,自動(dòng)車衣可以對(duì)電動(dòng)汽車進(jìn)行自動(dòng)防護(hù),此外,車衣不僅可以應(yīng)用于電動(dòng)汽車,也能應(yīng)用于各種非電動(dòng)汽車。在一體機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)方面,本文設(shè)計(jì)的扭矩存儲(chǔ)與緩慢輸出裝置可以儲(chǔ)存電機(jī)能量,在需要時(shí)再將儲(chǔ)存的能量緩慢釋放,使自動(dòng)車衣的動(dòng)力分配更加合理,在自動(dòng)車衣中起著安全防護(hù)的作用。設(shè)計(jì)的自動(dòng)充電裝置具有X、Y、Z三個(gè)方向的自由度,通過三個(gè)方向上的步進(jìn)電機(jī)的聯(lián)動(dòng),實(shí)現(xiàn)充電接口的空間運(yùn)動(dòng)。針對(duì)扭矩存儲(chǔ)與緩慢輸出裝置中液壓缸孔口非恒定出流時(shí)缺少非線性變化載荷下的計(jì)算公式,無(wú)法對(duì)緩沖時(shí)間進(jìn)行量化分析,建立了非線性變化載荷下的孔口非恒定出流的流速和流量的數(shù)學(xué)模型,推導(dǎo)出扭矩存儲(chǔ)與緩慢輸出裝置扭矩輸出的時(shí)間。自動(dòng)充電裝置控制方面主要設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于高精度A/D轉(zhuǎn)換的定位控制系統(tǒng),通過中位值平均濾波算法,消除由于脈沖干擾引起的采樣值偏差,提高A/D采樣精度。定位控制系統(tǒng)位以線性霍爾傳感器兩端電壓為位置反饋量,對(duì)步進(jìn)電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速進(jìn)行閉環(huán)控制,同時(shí)為提高定位精度,解決步進(jìn)電機(jī)“超步”和“失步”問題,對(duì)步進(jìn)電機(jī)的升降速控制進(jìn)行了一定的研究,并對(duì)自動(dòng)充電裝置自動(dòng)充電時(shí)步進(jìn)電機(jī)的控制策略進(jìn)行了一定的研究。最后,為防止主電源受損或停電等情況下電動(dòng)汽車因?yàn)榘谲囈轮星液妥詣?dòng)充電裝置連接而無(wú)法使用,設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于光伏電池和超級(jí)電容的備用電源系統(tǒng)。此外對(duì)電動(dòng)汽車自動(dòng)車衣控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了低功耗設(shè)計(jì)。
[Abstract]:With the progress of science and technology, electric vehicle has become an important development trend of automobile industry. At present, the charging facilities of electric vehicles in our country have been built and used with charging stations and charging piles, all of which are manual charging, and the degree of intelligence is low, and higher requirements are put forward for the technical methods and safety in use. On the other hand, due to the lack of necessary protection when electric vehicles park in the open air, they are easy to be sunburned, frostbitten and scratched. The use of clothing is an effective way to solve these problems, but most of the existing clothes are manual ones, so it is very troublesome to use them. In order to solve these problems, this paper designs an electric vehicle automatic charging and automatic clothing machine. The automatic charging device can automatically charge the electric vehicle, and the automatic clothing can protect the electric vehicle automatically. In addition, the clothing can be used not only in the electric vehicle, but also in all kinds of non-electric vehicles. In the structural design of the integrated machine, the torque storage and slow output device designed in this paper can store the motor energy, release the stored energy slowly when needed, and make the power distribution of the automatic clothes more reasonable. In automatic vehicle clothing plays the role of safety protection. The designed automatic charging device has three degrees of freedom in three directions. The space movement of the charging interface is realized by the linkage of the stepping motor in the three directions. In the case of torque storage and slow output device, the calculation formula for the unsteady outlet of hydraulic cylinder orifice under nonlinear variable load is absent, so the buffer time can not be quantitatively analyzed. The mathematical model of velocity and flow rate of unsteady outlet flow under nonlinear varying load is established, and the time of torque storage and output of slow output device is derived. In the control of automatic charging device, a positioning control system based on high precision A / D conversion is designed. Through the median average filter algorithm, the sampling deviation caused by pulse interference is eliminated, and the sampling accuracy of A / D is improved. The position control system takes the voltage at both ends of the linear Hall sensor as the position feedback to control the speed of the stepping motor in a closed loop. In order to improve the positioning accuracy and solve the problems of "super-step" and "out-of-step" of the stepping motor, The speed control of stepping motor is studied, and the control strategy of stepper motor is studied when the automatic charging device is charged automatically. Finally, in order to prevent the main power from being damaged or power outages, an alternative power supply system based on photovoltaic cells and super capacitors is designed to prevent the electric vehicle from being used because it is wrapped in the vehicle's clothing and connected to the automatic charging device. In addition, the low-power design of electric vehicle automatic clothing control system is carried out.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：U472.2

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