【摘要】：為應(yīng)對(duì)日益嚴(yán)峻的能源緊缺和城市環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題,清潔、高效的氫能汽車備受青睞,其中輕便靈活的小型燃料電池車的應(yīng)用前景非常廣闊,特別是在我國(guó)的臺(tái)灣省,燃料電池摩托車已經(jīng)批量生產(chǎn)并示范運(yùn)行。由于氫具有易燃易爆性,車載儲(chǔ)氫裝置的安全性備受矚目,而目前我國(guó)尚缺乏針對(duì)小型車載儲(chǔ)氫裝置的安全試驗(yàn)要求。為保證小型氫燃料電池車的安全運(yùn)行,本文針對(duì)小型車載儲(chǔ)氫裝置進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的安全試驗(yàn),并對(duì)換氣站內(nèi)氫的泄漏爆炸行為及后果進(jìn)行了數(shù)值分析。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下：(1)建立小型燃料電池車用低壓儲(chǔ)氫裝置安全性試驗(yàn)方法。對(duì)小型燃料電池車用低壓儲(chǔ)氫裝置全生命周期中的危險(xiǎn)因素進(jìn)行識(shí)別與分析,綜合分析現(xiàn)階段其他用途固態(tài)儲(chǔ)氫裝置標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的測(cè)試方法,建立小型燃料電池車用低壓儲(chǔ)氫裝置的系統(tǒng)安全試驗(yàn)方法。(2)設(shè)計(jì)并搭建氫氣循環(huán)試驗(yàn)裝置,對(duì)臺(tái)灣市售低壓儲(chǔ)氫裝置進(jìn)行包括泄漏試驗(yàn)、高溫試驗(yàn)、爆破試驗(yàn)以及氫氣循環(huán)試驗(yàn)在內(nèi)的安全試驗(yàn)研究。分析氫氣循環(huán)試驗(yàn)中壓力、溫度對(duì)合金吸、放氫過(guò)程的影響；對(duì)不同擺放位置的儲(chǔ)氫罐進(jìn)行循環(huán)試驗(yàn),得到循環(huán)試驗(yàn)過(guò)程中儲(chǔ)罐表面應(yīng)變的分布及變化規(guī)律。研究三種泄漏試驗(yàn)方法的精度和靈敏度,確定低壓儲(chǔ)氫裝置出廠檢測(cè)和型式試驗(yàn)的泄漏檢測(cè)方法。通過(guò)開(kāi)展高溫試驗(yàn)和爆破試驗(yàn),梳理關(guān)鍵試驗(yàn)參數(shù),并提出試驗(yàn)合格指標(biāo)。(3)利用三維CFD數(shù)值模擬軟件FLACS建立換氣站模型,對(duì)低壓儲(chǔ)氫裝置在換氣站內(nèi)的泄漏爆炸過(guò)程進(jìn)行模擬研究。分析泄漏后氫氣的燃燒爆炸行為,并對(duì)爆炸后果進(jìn)行定量評(píng)估。探究不同低壓儲(chǔ)氫裝置數(shù)目、放置位置、泄壓板設(shè)置及環(huán)境風(fēng)速等對(duì)爆炸強(qiáng)度、沖擊波及火焰?zhèn)鞑バ袨榈挠绊懸?guī)律。本文的研究成果可為小型燃料電池車及其換氣站的安全運(yùn)行提供技術(shù)指導(dǎo),并為我國(guó)正在研制的《小型燃料電池車用低壓儲(chǔ)氫裝置安全試驗(yàn)方法》海峽兩岸共通標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提供技術(shù)支撐。
[Abstract]:In order to deal with the increasingly severe problems of energy shortage and urban environmental pollution, clean and efficient hydrogen vehicles are favored. Among them, light and flexible small fuel cell vehicles have a very broad application prospect, especially in Taiwan Province of China. Fuel cell motorcycles have been mass-produced and demonstrated. Due to the flammable and explosive properties of hydrogen, the safety of on-board hydrogen storage units has attracted much attention. However, at present, there is still a lack of safety test requirements for small vehicular hydrogen storage units in China. In order to ensure the safe operation of the small hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, a systematic safety test was carried out for the small vehicle hydrogen storage unit, and the behavior and consequences of hydrogen leakage and explosion in the gas station were analyzed numerically. The main contents are as follows: (1) establish the safety test method of low pressure hydrogen storage device for small fuel cell. The risk factors in the whole life cycle of low-pressure hydrogen storage unit for small fuel cell vehicles are identified and analyzed, and the test methods in the standard of other solid-state hydrogen storage devices for other uses are analyzed synthetically at the present stage. Establish system safety test method for low pressure hydrogen storage unit for small fuel cell vehicles. (2) Design and build hydrogen cycle test device, including leakage test and high temperature test for low pressure hydrogen storage unit sold in Taiwan, Safety test including blasting test and hydrogen cycle test. The effect of pressure and temperature on the process of hydrogen absorption and desorption is analyzed, and the distribution and variation of surface strain of hydrogen storage tank in different positions are obtained. The precision and sensitivity of three leak test methods are studied, and the leak detection methods of low-pressure hydrogen storage unit for factory inspection and type test are determined. Through the high temperature test and blasting test, the key test parameters are sorted out, and the test qualification index is put forward. (3) the model of the gas station is established by using the three-dimensional CFD numerical simulation software FLACS. The leakage and explosion process of low pressure hydrogen storage unit in gas station was simulated. The combustion and explosion behavior of hydrogen after leakage was analyzed, and the consequences of explosion were evaluated quantitatively. The effects of different low pressure hydrogen storage units such as the number of low pressure hydrogen storage units, the placement of pressure relief plates and the ambient wind speed on the explosion strength, impact and flame propagation behavior were investigated. The research results in this paper can provide technical guidance for the safe operation of small fuel cell vehicles and their gas stations. It also provides technical support for the "safety test method of low pressure hydrogen storage device for small fuel cell vehicles", which is being developed in China, and the common standards across the Taiwan Strait.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：U469.722

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