【摘要】：廚余垃圾車是飯店、賓館剩余食物垃圾無害化運輸的專用車輛。垃圾箱體應具備載運效率高,良好的密封性、透氣性、卸料方便性,并能與垃圾后處理設備相配套。提升翻轉機構是廚余垃圾車垃圾裝卸的關鍵機構,它能完成垃圾桶的提升、翻轉及倒料,其運轉平穩(wěn)、工作可靠、動作連貫有序可節(jié)約時間,從而提高工作效率。本課題研究對象為某校企合作研發(fā)的一款新型廚余垃圾車,運動仿真其提升翻轉過程,并對主要結構進行有限元分析：(1)建立廚余垃圾車整車模型,分析研究各機構的結構與功能,對提升翻轉機構的液壓系統(tǒng)進行設計布置。(2)在ADAMS/View建立提升翻轉機構的虛擬樣機模型,建立各部件之間的約束關系,為模擬真實工作環(huán)境,添加碰撞接觸力,仿真其運動過程。通過施加不同的載荷,得出不同的油缸推力曲線。根據實際工況,額定提升質量為240k,施加載荷之后,仿真得出油缸的最大推力發(fā)生在18.8s,其大小為22.8KN。(3)通過HyperMesh軟件對提升翻轉機構模型進行前處理,將最大載荷工況下的油缸最大推力施加到機構上,使用radios求解器對提升翻轉機構的有限元模型進行靜力學和模態(tài)分析。(4)分析結果顯示,最大載荷工況下的提升翻轉機構的最大應力為316Mpa,位于提升翻轉機構承載垃圾桶質量的掛桶支架與提升翻轉機構骨架的連接處。剛度分析顯示提升翻轉機構的最大位移發(fā)生在掛桶支架上,位移大小為4.7mm,達到國家標準要求。模態(tài)分析顯示提升翻轉機構的結構設計基本可以避開使用環(huán)境中所受激振力的實際激勵頻率,避免整體機構的振動現象的發(fā)生。(5)對廚余車進行廠內空載和廠外滿載性能測試。試驗結果表明,設計制造的樣車提升翻轉機構動作運行準確可靠,無干涉死點,液壓系統(tǒng)滿足滿載狀態(tài)下的要求,整車性能良好。
[Abstract]:Kitchen garbage truck is a hotel, hotel surplus food garbage harmless transport of special vehicles. The garbage box should have high carrying efficiency, good sealing, air permeability, easy discharge, and can be matched with the garbage aftertreatment equipment. The lifting and flipping mechanism is the key mechanism of garbage loading and unloading of kitchen garbage truck. It can complete the lifting, flipping and unloading of garbage bin. It runs smoothly, works reliably and saves time in a coherent and orderly manner, thus improving the working efficiency. The research object of this subject is a new kitchen garbage truck which is developed by a school and enterprise. The movement simulates its lifting and flipping process, and carries on the finite element analysis to the main structure: (1) establishes the kitchen surplus garbage truck complete vehicle model, The structure and function of each mechanism are analyzed and studied, and the hydraulic system of the mechanism is designed and arranged. (2) the virtual prototype model of the mechanism is established in ADAMS/View, and the constraint relationship among the components is established to simulate the real working environment. The impact contact force is added to simulate the motion process. By applying different loads, different cylinder thrust curves are obtained. According to the actual working conditions, the rated lifting mass is 240 k. after applying the load, the maximum thrust of the cylinder occurs in 18.8s, and its size is 22.8KN. (3) the model of the lifting overturning mechanism is pre-processed by HyperMesh software. The maximum thrust of the cylinder under the maximum load condition is applied to the mechanism, and the finite element model of the lifting flip mechanism is analyzed by using radios solver. (4) the results show that, The maximum stress of the lifting overturning mechanism under the maximum load condition is 316Mpa. it is located at the connection between the hoisting bucket support bearing the weight of the garbage bin and the framework of the lifting overturning mechanism. Stiffness analysis shows that the maximum displacement of the lifting mechanism occurs on the bucket holder, and the displacement is 4.7 mm, which is up to the national standard. Modal analysis shows that the structure design of the lifting and turning mechanism can avoid the actual excitation frequency of the exciting force in the working environment and avoid the vibration phenomenon of the whole mechanism. (5) the in-plant and off-site full-load performance tests are carried out on the kitchen spare car. The test results show that the design and manufacture of the prototype lift overturn mechanism is accurate and reliable, no interference dead point, hydraulic system to meet the requirements of the full load state, the performance of the vehicle is good.
【學位授予單位】：揚州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：U469.6;U463.9

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