【摘要】：在交通事故中,汽車內(nèi)飾件與乘員頭部碰撞造成的損傷是最為嚴(yán)重的,因此如何減少內(nèi)飾件與乘員頭部的二次碰撞,保護(hù)乘員的安全日益受到關(guān)注。NHTSA頒布了FMVSS201U法規(guī),通過(guò)內(nèi)飾頭部碰撞試驗(yàn)對(duì)車內(nèi)內(nèi)飾件的安全性能進(jìn)行考查,為內(nèi)飾件設(shè)計(jì)的提供了依據(jù)。采用有限元方法模擬FMVSS201U法規(guī)的試驗(yàn)過(guò)程,能夠減少內(nèi)飾與頭部碰撞試驗(yàn)的次數(shù),縮短開發(fā)的周期。為了簡(jiǎn)化內(nèi)飾頭部試驗(yàn)仿真建模過(guò)程,實(shí)現(xiàn)其流程自動(dòng)化,本文基于Hyper Mesh平臺(tái),開發(fā)了汽車內(nèi)飾件與乘員頭部碰撞仿真自動(dòng)化模塊,主要的研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:提出了通過(guò)對(duì)混Ⅲ假人頭部有限元模型改型的方法,建立符合內(nèi)飾頭部碰撞試驗(yàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的FMH有限元模型。首先研究了混Ⅲ假人頭部與FMH之間的區(qū)別,對(duì)混Ⅲ假人頭部的鼻子和后頭蓋骨重新建模,并定義了頭部的前額碰撞區(qū)域。確定了頭型各部分的材料密度,在頭型內(nèi)部添加了合適的質(zhì)量塊,保證頭型的質(zhì)量、質(zhì)心位置和轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量均符合要求。最后采用參數(shù)反求方法,對(duì)頭皮的材料部分參數(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,并利用跌落試驗(yàn)仿真對(duì)優(yōu)化結(jié)果進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,結(jié)果表明,所建頭部模型的動(dòng)態(tài)性能良好,可以用于內(nèi)飾頭部碰撞試驗(yàn)的仿真分析。采用二次開發(fā)技術(shù)開發(fā)了用于內(nèi)飾件與乘員頭部碰撞仿真的自動(dòng)化模塊,實(shí)現(xiàn)了內(nèi)飾頭部碰撞仿真的流程化和自動(dòng)化,為用戶提供了一個(gè)友好、方便和快速的工具。利用TCL/TK進(jìn)行編程,對(duì)大量的參數(shù)輸入進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化,根據(jù)法規(guī),實(shí)現(xiàn)了碰撞測(cè)試點(diǎn)的自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建,其中包括識(shí)別關(guān)鍵參考點(diǎn)、創(chuàng)建曲面輪廓線及定長(zhǎng)找點(diǎn)等。然后分析了頭部?jī)?nèi)飾碰撞過(guò)程的運(yùn)動(dòng)和能量變化規(guī)律,發(fā)現(xiàn)頭部的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)減小頭部碰撞的傷害值(HIC(d))。進(jìn)一步對(duì)接近角和頭部傷害值的關(guān)系進(jìn)行研究,以水平和垂直接近角作為變量,對(duì)處于不同水平和垂直接近角的頭型進(jìn)行碰撞仿真,結(jié)果表明水平接近角越垂直碰撞面,垂直接近角越大,則頭部傷害值越大�；谏鲜鼋Y(jié)論,通過(guò)編程自動(dòng)判斷頭型的最差工況位置,根據(jù)接觸法則將FMH定位至測(cè)試點(diǎn)處。完成定位后,程序自動(dòng)定義接觸參數(shù)、碰撞速度,并將計(jì)算文件保存至指定文件處。為了驗(yàn)證自動(dòng)化模塊的準(zhǔn)確性和有效性,以某款車為例,利用開發(fā)的自動(dòng)化模塊標(biāo)記內(nèi)飾件上的碰撞測(cè)試點(diǎn),針對(duì)每個(gè)測(cè)試點(diǎn),將FMH定位至最差工況,并輸出測(cè)試點(diǎn)及定位結(jié)果數(shù)據(jù),與某商業(yè)軟件的結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比,誤差值小,計(jì)算精度高。將導(dǎo)出計(jì)算文件提交給LS_DYNA,進(jìn)行了內(nèi)飾頭部碰撞的仿真分析,得到每個(gè)測(cè)試點(diǎn)的頭部傷害值,并針對(duì)傷害值大于1000的內(nèi)飾件,提出了內(nèi)飾件結(jié)構(gòu)的改進(jìn)措施。
[Abstract]:In the traffic accident, the damage caused by the collision between the automobile interior accessories and the occupant's head is the most serious. Therefore, how to reduce the secondary collision between the interior accessories and the occupant's head, and how to protect the safety of the occupant are paid more and more attention to. NHTSA has issued the FMVSS201U regulations. The safety performance of the interior parts of the vehicle is examined by the head impact test, which provides the basis for the design of the interior accessories. The finite element method is used to simulate the test process of FMVSS201U code, which can reduce the number of collision tests between the interior and the head and shorten the development period. In order to simplify the simulation and modeling process of interior decoration head test and realize the automation of the process, this paper develops the simulation automation module of automobile interior decoration and crew head collision based on Hyper Mesh platform. The main research contents are as follows: the FMH finite element model which accords with the standard of interior head impact test is established by modifying the finite element model of mixed 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：2257973