【摘要】：變速器總成是汽車零部件中關(guān)鍵的部件之一,要求具有一定的承載能力以及抵抗外力沖擊的能力,具有足夠的剛度和強(qiáng)度。而變速器殼體是變速器總成中的重要組成部分,承載著型腔內(nèi)所有齒輪、軸、同步器組件和內(nèi)部操縱機(jī)構(gòu)等眾多零件。本文根據(jù)新車型的需要,開發(fā)了某輕型卡車變速器殼體,運(yùn)用有限元方法對(duì)其結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了靜力學(xué)和模態(tài)分析,在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行了殼體的改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì),并開展了相關(guān)的試驗(yàn)研究。首先,基于CATIA軟件建立了變速器殼體三維實(shí)體模型,運(yùn)用HyperMesh軟件進(jìn)行了網(wǎng)格劃分,模擬殼體所承受的載荷分布,施加邊界條件的約束,建立了有限元模型。根據(jù)變速器殼體靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)和工作狀態(tài)下正向制動(dòng)和反向制動(dòng)4個(gè)工況,分別進(jìn)行了殼體的有限元分析,獲得了相應(yīng)的應(yīng)力和應(yīng)變分布云圖,針對(duì)應(yīng)力集中部位,采用在殼體薄弱點(diǎn)增加加強(qiáng)筋等方法進(jìn)行改進(jìn)。其次,對(duì)殼體進(jìn)行了有限元模態(tài)分析,得出各階模態(tài)頻率與振型,通過改進(jìn)前后的對(duì)比評(píng)價(jià),確定了最優(yōu)方案。最后通過模態(tài)試驗(yàn)和實(shí)物臺(tái)架試驗(yàn),進(jìn)行模擬與實(shí)際試驗(yàn)的雙重驗(yàn)證。在模態(tài)試驗(yàn)中,獲取殼體自由狀態(tài)下的機(jī)械固有頻率、阻尼比、振型等固有特性參數(shù),并與計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較。在扭矩試驗(yàn)機(jī)上對(duì)實(shí)物進(jìn)行靜扭臺(tái)架試驗(yàn),通過試驗(yàn)所測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),驗(yàn)證是否符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。結(jié)果表明：該輕卡變速器殼體的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)滿足整車提出的強(qiáng)度要求。通過在薄弱部位增加加強(qiáng)筋并優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),是有效的方法。本文較系統(tǒng)的討論了殼體強(qiáng)度分析的整個(gè)過程和基本思路,以及增加殼體強(qiáng)度的有效方法,為變速器殼體的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)提供了理論依據(jù)和實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
[Abstract]:Transmission assembly is one of the key parts in automobile parts. It requires a certain bearing capacity and the ability to resist external force impact, and has sufficient stiffness and strength. The transmission housing is an important part of the transmission assembly, carrying all the gears, shafts, synchronizer components and internal manipulators in the cavity. In this paper, according to the needs of the new type of vehicle, the shell of a light truck transmission is developed, and the static and modal analysis of the structure is carried out by using the finite element method. On this basis, the improved design of the shell is carried out, and the relevant experimental research is carried out. Firstly, the three-dimensional solid model of the transmission shell is established based on CATIA software, and the finite element model is established by using HyperMesh software to divide the mesh, simulate the load distribution of the shell and impose the constraint of the boundary condition. According to the four working conditions of forward braking and reverse braking in the static state and working state of the transmission shell, the finite element analysis of the shell is carried out, and the corresponding stress and strain distribution cloud diagram is obtained, aiming at the stress concentration position. The method is improved by adding stiffeners to the thin weakness of the shell. Secondly, the finite element modal analysis of the shell is carried out, and the modal frequencies and modes of each order are obtained, and the optimal scheme is determined through the comparative evaluation before and after the improvement. At last, both simulation and actual test are carried out through modal test and physical bench test. In the modal test, the mechanical natural frequency, damping ratio and mode shape are obtained under the free state of the shell, and the results are compared with the calculated results. The static torsion bench test is carried out on the torque testing machine, and the test data are used to verify whether it meets the design requirements. The results show that the structural design of the light truck transmission housing meets the strength requirements of the whole vehicle. It is an effective method to increase reinforcement and optimize design in weak position. This paper systematically discusses the whole process and basic idea of shell strength analysis, as well as the effective method of increasing shell strength, which provides the theoretical basis and practical experience for the optimum design of transmission shell.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：U463.212

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