本文選題：小角度碰撞 + 有限元�。� 參考：《青島理工大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著汽車(chē)工業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展,車(chē)輛的被動(dòng)安全性成為人們?nèi)找骊P(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中,大部分的碰撞形式都為小角度碰撞,這種碰撞形式會(huì)對(duì)車(chē)輛和駕駛員造成更為嚴(yán)重的傷害,另外,車(chē)輛與城市道路護(hù)欄的碰撞極易引起二次傷害,造成嚴(yán)重的后果。這就使得研究車(chē)輛的小角度碰撞和護(hù)欄碰撞有著非常重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。通過(guò)正面全寬碰撞和小角度碰撞的對(duì)比,觀察車(chē)輛前圍板、前縱梁和A、B、C柱的變形,從而得出兩種碰撞形式對(duì)駕駛員生存空間的影響。車(chē)輛與護(hù)欄的碰撞研究中,對(duì)不同材料、形狀和連接方式的護(hù)欄分別進(jìn)行模擬仿真,分析不同護(hù)欄的安全性能,并對(duì)護(hù)欄橫梁對(duì)駕駛員的二次傷害進(jìn)行分析。首先利用Hyper Mesh軟件建立整車(chē)和護(hù)欄的有限元模型,如:網(wǎng)格劃分、幾何清理、設(shè)置材料屬性、建立連接等工作;然后根據(jù)相應(yīng)的法律法規(guī)賦予車(chē)輛初始速度,并進(jìn)行關(guān)鍵字卡片設(shè)置,將模型保存為K文件后,導(dǎo)入LS-DYNA軟件進(jìn)行計(jì)算;最后利用Hyper View和Hyper Graph軟件對(duì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析。通過(guò)對(duì)結(jié)果的分析可以得到結(jié)論:在同一碰撞速度下,小角度碰撞會(huì)對(duì)駕駛員生存空間造成更大的影響。在車(chē)輛與護(hù)欄碰撞過(guò)程中,護(hù)欄橫梁與立柱之間采用一體化構(gòu)造比采用焊接的方式安全性更好;鋼材質(zhì)的護(hù)欄性能要好于PVC材質(zhì)的護(hù)欄;圓柱形護(hù)欄性能要稍好于矩形管形狀的護(hù)欄,但是圓柱形護(hù)欄容易使車(chē)輛發(fā)生騎跨現(xiàn)象;采用焊接方式的矩形管形狀的護(hù)欄,在發(fā)生碰撞后,護(hù)欄橫梁極易與立柱發(fā)生脫離,進(jìn)而使護(hù)欄橫梁穿透前擋風(fēng)玻璃對(duì)駕駛員造成二次傷害,并且這種傷害往往是致命的。最后提出了一些改進(jìn)方法,來(lái)避免護(hù)欄對(duì)駕駛員造成的二次傷害,并對(duì)城市道路護(hù)欄的選取提出了一些建議。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of automobile industry, passive safety of vehicles has become the focus of increasing attention. In real life, most of the collision forms are small angle collisions, which will cause more serious damage to vehicles and drivers. In addition, the collision between vehicles and urban road guardrails can easily cause secondary injuries. With serious consequences. This makes the research of vehicle small angle collision and guardrail collision has very important practical significance. Through the comparison of full-width front impact and small angle collision, the deformation of front coaming plate, front longitudinal beam and Agni Bu C column is observed, and the influence of two kinds of collision forms on the driver's living space is obtained. In the research of collision between vehicle and guardrail, the different materials, shapes and connections of guardrail are simulated, and the safety performance of different guardrails is analyzed, and the secondary injury of guardrail beams to drivers is analyzed. Firstly, the finite element model of the whole vehicle and guardrail is established by using Hyper mesh software, such as mesh division, geometric cleaning, material attribute setting, connection establishment and so on, and then the initial speed of vehicle is assigned according to the corresponding laws and regulations. The key card is set up, the model is saved as K file, and the LS-DYNA software is imported to calculate it. Finally, the results are analyzed by Hyper View and Hyper Graph software. Through the analysis of the results, it can be concluded that under the same collision velocity, the small angle collision will have a greater impact on the driver's living space. In the process of vehicle collision with guardrail, it is better to adopt integrated structure between railing beam and column than welding, and the performance of steel guardrail is better than that of PVC material guardrail. The performance of cylindrical guardrail is slightly better than that of rectangular tube type guardrail, but cylindrical guardrail is easy to make vehicle ride across. After collision, railing beam is easy to detach from column. The barrier beam penetrates the front windshield and causes secondary damage to the driver, which is often fatal. Finally, some improvement methods are put forward to avoid the secondary injury caused by guardrail to the driver, and some suggestions on the selection of urban road guardrail are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：U467.14

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