本文選題：并聯(lián)能量管理 + 二階阻容等效電池模型　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：由于能源問(wèn)題愈發(fā)嚴(yán)重同時(shí)環(huán)境問(wèn)題日益嚴(yán)峻,世界各國(guó)和主流汽車廠商也愈發(fā)加大對(duì)電動(dòng)汽車的投資力度與政策支持。電動(dòng)汽車有三大核心技術(shù),而電池串并聯(lián)成組技術(shù)正是其中之一,電池管理系統(tǒng)又是電池成組技術(shù)最重要的一環(huán)。電池的不一致性是電池組的工作性能的重要影響因素,電池管理系統(tǒng)的主要功能之一正是減少電池一致性的差異。為了保證電池單體的一致性,經(jīng)過(guò)多年的研究,國(guó)內(nèi)外的專家學(xué)者總結(jié)出了多種能量均衡方法。但是這些均衡方法都是串聯(lián)均衡方案,在電池組工作的過(guò)程中不僅串聯(lián)電池組間需要能量均衡,在并聯(lián)電池組內(nèi)由于電池的不一致性各電池間也會(huì)產(chǎn)生能量流動(dòng)從而產(chǎn)生功率損失。因此電池管理系統(tǒng)不僅需要具備串聯(lián)均衡功能也需要具有并聯(lián)能量管理的功能。本文的研究目標(biāo)正是減少并聯(lián)電池組內(nèi)各單體間的能量流動(dòng),對(duì)電池組并聯(lián)能量管理系統(tǒng)和控制策略進(jìn)行探討和研究。本文從以下幾方面著手,設(shè)計(jì)并驗(yàn)證了主動(dòng)式并聯(lián)能量管理系統(tǒng)及其控制策略:⒈確定電池單體的模型并搭建電池模型。總結(jié)了常用模型的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之后選擇使用等效電路模型來(lái)搭建電池單體的模型。在綜合考慮了幾種常用等效電路模型的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)之后決定采用二階阻容模型來(lái)搭建電池等效電路模型。接著使用Simulink軟件完成建模工作。為了使電池模型簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)用,本文采用Simscape語(yǔ)言來(lái)搭建電池等效電路模型。⒉組建了電池模型參數(shù)辨識(shí)電路,在脈沖實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)上辨識(shí)模型參數(shù)。首先利用課題組的實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備進(jìn)行充放電實(shí)驗(yàn),采集實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)。接著使用遺忘因子遞推最小二乘法進(jìn)行參數(shù)辨識(shí)工作。最后對(duì)辨識(shí)結(jié)果進(jìn)行仿真驗(yàn)證,確認(rèn)其準(zhǔn)確性。⒊在二階阻容等效電路模型的基礎(chǔ)上提出了一種結(jié)合了開(kāi)路電壓法的安時(shí)積分法來(lái)估計(jì)電池單體的荷電狀態(tài)(State of Charge,即SOC)。通過(guò)小電流恒流放電實(shí)驗(yàn)獲得了電池單體SOC與開(kāi)路電壓(open circuit voltage,即OCV)的關(guān)系曲線。接著搭建Simulink模型。通過(guò)將模型計(jì)算電池單體的SOC與參考值進(jìn)行比對(duì),驗(yàn)證了基于二階阻容電池模型的安時(shí)積分法的精度。⒋提出了一種動(dòng)力電池主動(dòng)式并聯(lián)能量管理控制系統(tǒng)。介紹了電池不一致性的危害以及幾種電池組串聯(lián)均衡技術(shù)方案。先定性的描述了并聯(lián)電池單體間能量流動(dòng)的危害,然后搭建兩個(gè)電池并聯(lián)構(gòu)成的并聯(lián)回路的Simulink模型,通過(guò)仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)定量的描述了并聯(lián)電池間能量流動(dòng)帶來(lái)的功率損失。最后介紹本文提出的主動(dòng)式并聯(lián)能量管理系統(tǒng)并介紹其控制目標(biāo)以及工作原理。⒌設(shè)計(jì)主動(dòng)式并聯(lián)能量管理控制策略并仿真分析。首先介紹了模糊控制的基本概念。接著設(shè)計(jì)了主動(dòng)式并聯(lián)能量管理系統(tǒng)的模糊控制器并制定了模糊規(guī)則。最后搭建了二十個(gè)NCR18650B電池單體組成的并聯(lián)電池組,在三種初始條件下進(jìn)行仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了主動(dòng)式并聯(lián)能量管理系統(tǒng)的效果。
[Abstract]:As energy problems become more serious and environmental problems become increasingly serious, countries and mainstream automobile manufacturers in the world are increasing their investment and policy support for electric vehicles. Electric vehicle has three core technologies, and battery series-parallel group technology is one of them, battery management system is the most important link of battery group technology. The inconsistency of the battery is an important factor affecting the performance of the battery pack. One of the main functions of the battery management system is to reduce the difference of the battery consistency. In order to ensure the consistency of battery cell, after many years of research, experts and scholars at home and abroad have summed up a variety of energy balance methods. But these equalization methods are all series equalization schemes. Because of the inconsistency of the cells in the parallel battery, the energy flow will also occur, which will result in power loss. Therefore, battery management system needs not only series equalization function but also parallel energy management function. The research goal of this paper is to reduce the energy flow among the cells in the parallel battery pack, and to discuss and study the parallel energy management system and control strategy of the battery pack. This paper designs and verifies the model of the active parallel energy management system and its control strategy: 1 to determine the battery cell and build the battery model from the following aspects. After summarizing the advantages of common models, the equivalent circuit model is used to build the model of battery cell. After considering the advantages and disadvantages of several commonly used equivalent circuit models, the second-order resistive and capacitive model is adopted to build the battery equivalent circuit model. Then use Simulink software to complete the modeling work. In order to make the battery model simple and practical, this paper uses Simscape language to build the battery equivalent circuit model .2 to build the battery model parameter identification circuit, based on the pulse experimental data to identify the model parameters. Firstly, charge and discharge experiments are carried out with the experimental equipment of the research group, and the experimental data are collected. Then the recursive least square method of forgetting factor is used to identify the parameters. Finally, the result of identification is verified by simulation. 3. Based on the second-order equivalent circuit model of resistive and capacitive circuits, an Anchorage integration method combining the open-circuit voltage method is proposed to estimate the state of charge of the cell. The relationship between SOC and open voltage open circuit is obtained by low current constant current discharge experiment. Then the Simulink model is built. By comparing the SOC of the battery cell with the reference value, the precision of the amp-hour integration method based on the second-order resistive and capacitive battery model is verified. 4. A kind of active parallel energy management control system for power battery is proposed. The harm of battery inconsistency and several technology schemes of battery series equalization are introduced. Firstly, the harm of energy flow between parallel cells is described qualitatively, then the Simulink model of parallel circuit is built, and the power loss caused by energy flow between parallel cells is quantitatively described by simulation experiments. Finally, the active parallel energy management system proposed in this paper is introduced, and its control goal and working principle 5 are introduced. The active parallel energy management control strategy is designed and simulated. Firstly, the basic concept of fuzzy control is introduced. Then the fuzzy controller of the active parallel energy management system is designed and the fuzzy rules are formulated. At last, 20 parallel batteries composed of NCR 18650B cells are built, and the results of simulation under three initial conditions are given to verify the effectiveness of the active parallel energy management system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：U469.72

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