本文選題：柴油 + 質量��； 參考：《西南石油大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：由于汽車造成的環(huán)境污染問題越來越受到人們的關注和重視,因此國家對汽車尾氣的排放標準日益嚴格,對車用燃油的質量也提出了更高的要求。隨著柴油車的快速發(fā)展,柴油消耗量迅速增長,不合格柴油給消費者帶來的經濟損失和對環(huán)境造成污染的形勢愈加嚴峻,因此亟待解決柴油品質的保障問題。對比分析目前主要的柴油質量改進方法,發(fā)現加入添加劑具有操作方便,加量少,效果好和成本低等優(yōu)點,使得人們也越來越重視其發(fā)展,因此本文提出了采用添加劑來改進柴油質量的研究思路。本文通過對四川地區(qū)車用柴油的質量抽檢,分析了車用柴油質量現狀及存在的問題,發(fā)現其質量問題主要有硫含量高、凝點高、氧化安定性差和十六烷值低。由于硫含量主要取決于原油性質和加工工藝,因此針對以上其他問題本文采用降凝劑、抗氧劑和十六烷值改進劑來分別改善柴油的低溫流動性、氧化安定性和抗爆性。測試分析所選多種添加劑與不同種類柴油之間的作用效果,評價了采用加入添加劑的方法對柴油質量的改進效果,從柴油和添加劑的性質、添加劑的濃度和復配等方面研究了影響添加劑作用效果的主要因素,分析了添加劑對柴油性能指標的影響。研究結果表明,采用添加劑能有效提高柴油的性能,改善柴油的質量。降凝劑能有效降低柴油的凝點和冷濾點,增強柴油的低溫流動性；抗氧劑能減緩柴油氧化速率,優(yōu)化柴油的氧化安定性；十六烷值改進劑能有效增大柴油的十六烷值,提高柴油的抗爆性,實驗選用的三種添加劑對柴油的綜合性能沒有不良影響。在實際生產應用中,柴油對添加劑的感受性差異限制了其使用范圍,若效果不佳并非僅由于添加量少造成,因此應針對不同柴油篩選出合適的添加劑；添加劑的加入量并非越多越好,而是存在最佳加劑區(qū)間,過度添加有時會造成反作用,經濟性反而降低；將兩種或兩種以上添加劑復配使用,通常會表現出協(xié)同作用,按適當的比例復配,能顯著增強添加劑的作用效果。
[Abstract]:People pay more and more attention to the environmental pollution caused by automobile, so the national emission standard of automobile exhaust is becoming more and more strict, and the quality of vehicle fuel is also required higher. With the rapid development of diesel vehicles and the rapid growth of diesel oil consumption, the economic loss and environmental pollution caused by unqualified diesel fuel to consumers are becoming more and more serious, so the problem of diesel quality guarantee should be solved urgently. By comparing and analyzing the main methods of diesel oil quality improvement, it is found that adding additives has the advantages of easy operation, low dosage, good effect and low cost, which makes people pay more and more attention to the development of diesel oil. Therefore, this paper puts forward the idea of using additives to improve the quality of diesel oil. This paper analyzes the present situation and existing problems of vehicle diesel oil quality in Sichuan area. It is found that the main quality problems are high sulfur content, high freezing point, poor oxidation stability and low cetane number. Since sulfur content mainly depends on the properties of crude oil and processing technology, depressant, antioxidant and cetane number improver are used to improve the low temperature fluidity, oxidation stability and anti-explosion of diesel oil respectively. The effect of various additives and different kinds of diesel oil was tested and analyzed. The effect of adding additives to diesel oil quality was evaluated, and the properties of diesel oil and additives were analyzed. The main factors affecting the effect of additives were studied in the aspects of additive concentration and compounding, and the effects of additives on the performance of diesel oil were analyzed. The results show that the additive can effectively improve the performance of diesel oil and improve the quality of diesel oil. The pour point depressant can effectively reduce the freezing point and cold filter point of diesel oil and enhance the low temperature fluidity of diesel oil; the antioxidant can slow down the oxidation rate of diesel oil and optimize the oxidation stability of diesel oil; the cetane number improver can effectively increase the cetane number of diesel oil. In order to improve the antiknock property of diesel oil, the three additives used in the experiment have no adverse effect on the comprehensive performance of diesel oil. In practical application, the sensitivity of diesel fuel to additives limits its range of use. If the effect is not only due to the small amount of diesel oil, we should screen out suitable additives for different diesel oil. The addition of additives is not as good as the more, but there is an optimal range of additives, excessive addition sometimes lead to reaction, but the economy is reduced; when two or more additives are mixed, there is usually a synergistic effect. The effect of the additive can be significantly enhanced by the proper proportion of the compound.
【學位授予單位】：西南石油大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：U473.12

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