本文選題：行人保護(hù) + 風(fēng)擋玻璃　； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：在人-車事故中,行人頭部與汽車風(fēng)擋玻璃發(fā)生碰撞是導(dǎo)致行人傷亡的重要原因之一。如何提高行人頭部與風(fēng)擋玻璃碰撞安全性已經(jīng)成為汽車被動(dòng)安全研究的熱點(diǎn)問題。本文通過數(shù)值模擬、試驗(yàn)研究及優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)行人頭部與夾層風(fēng)擋玻璃碰撞進(jìn)行了較為全面的分析研究,期望能夠?yàn)樾腥吮Ｗo(hù)研究提供借鑒,減小人-車事故中行人頭部的損傷,達(dá)到保護(hù)行人的目的。在頭型沖擊器沖擊風(fēng)擋玻璃仿真模型的研究中,分析了擴(kuò)展有限元方法理論以及與傳統(tǒng)有限元方法的區(qū)別。推導(dǎo)了Ⅰ型裂紋擴(kuò)展能量釋放率的公式。研究了擴(kuò)展有限元在ABAQUS中的實(shí)現(xiàn)步驟,并利用簡單算例驗(yàn)證了擴(kuò)展有限元模擬裂紋擴(kuò)展的有效性。通過逆向工程獲得了風(fēng)擋玻璃幾何模型,利用HYPERMESH得到風(fēng)擋玻璃網(wǎng)格模型,將網(wǎng)格模型導(dǎo)入ABAQUS中完成仿真模型的建立,并探討了幾種解決擴(kuò)展有限元收斂問題的方法。在搭建成人頭型沖擊器沖擊風(fēng)擋玻璃試驗(yàn)臺(tái)的研究中,根據(jù)國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《汽車對(duì)行人的碰撞保護(hù)》中相關(guān)規(guī)定,完成成人頭型沖擊器的設(shè)計(jì)。分析了PVB夾層風(fēng)擋玻璃安全性、隔音性等性能。根據(jù)國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定,選擇試驗(yàn)場(chǎng)地并設(shè)計(jì)了試驗(yàn)組成結(jié)構(gòu)。基于LABVIEW設(shè)計(jì)了三軸加速度數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊,并對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)采集設(shè)備進(jìn)行了選型。最終通過試驗(yàn)得到了風(fēng)擋玻璃裂紋擴(kuò)展圖及加速度時(shí)間歷程曲線,并驗(yàn)證了仿真模型的準(zhǔn)確性�；谛腥祟^部損傷指標(biāo)對(duì)風(fēng)擋玻璃進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。研究了目前常用的行人頭部損傷指標(biāo),選擇HIC值作為優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo),通過改變材料及各層厚度對(duì)風(fēng)擋玻璃進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。采用最優(yōu)拉丁超立方試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)方法及克里格近似模型,對(duì)風(fēng)擋玻璃材料參數(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)選使得HIC值降低了12.2%。在材料優(yōu)選的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)風(fēng)擋玻璃各層厚度進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),采用試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)方法對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)空間進(jìn)行取點(diǎn),對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)空間建立基于神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、切比雪夫正交多項(xiàng)式及克里格近似模型,并通過精度分析對(duì)比了近似模型。對(duì)近似模型分別采用了多島遺傳優(yōu)化算法及自適應(yīng)模擬退火優(yōu)化算法進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,分析對(duì)比兩種尋優(yōu)效果。在不顯著改變玻璃總厚度的情況下,使得HIC值降低了26.38%,改善了汽車風(fēng)擋玻璃對(duì)行人頭部保護(hù)性能。
[Abstract]:The collision between pedestrian head and windshield glass is one of the important causes of pedestrian casualties in man-vehicle accidents. How to improve the collision safety of pedestrian head and windshield glass has become a hot issue in vehicle passive safety research. Through numerical simulation, experimental study and optimization design, the impact of pedestrian head and sandwich windshield glass is studied comprehensively in this paper, which is expected to provide reference for pedestrian protection research and reduce pedestrian head injury in man-vehicle accidents. To protect pedestrians. In the research of the simulation model of the head impact windshield glass, the theory of extended finite element method and the difference between the extended finite element method and the traditional finite element method are analyzed. The formula of mode I crack growth energy release rate is derived. The implementation steps of the extended finite element method in ABAQUS are studied, and the effectiveness of the propagation finite element simulation for crack growth is verified by a simple example. The geometric model of windshield glass is obtained by reverse engineering, and the mesh model of windshield glass is obtained by using HYPERMESH. The mesh model is imported into ABAQUS to establish the simulation model. Several methods to solve the convergence problem of extended finite element are discussed. In the study of setting up an adult head impact windshield glass test bench, the design of adult head impact device is completed according to the relevant provisions of the national standard "vehicle impact protection for pedestrians". The safety and soundproof properties of PVB windscreen glass are analyzed. According to the national standard, the test site is selected and the test composition is designed. A three-axis acceleration data acquisition module based on LABVIEW is designed, and the data acquisition equipment is selected. Finally, the crack growth diagram and acceleration time history curve of windshield glass are obtained by experiments, and the accuracy of the simulation model is verified. Based on the index of pedestrian head injury, the windscreen glass was optimized. In this paper, the commonly used index of pedestrian head injury is studied, and the HIC value is chosen as the optimum design target. The windscreen glass is optimized by changing the material and thickness of each layer. The optimal Latin hypercube design method and Kriging approximation model are used to optimize the material parameters of windscreen glass, and the HIC value is reduced by 12.2. On the basis of material selection, the thickness of windshield glass layers is optimized. The design space is selected by experimental design method, and the design space is built based on neural network, Chebyshev orthogonal polynomial and Kriging approximation model. The approximate model is compared with the precision analysis. Multi-island genetic optimization algorithm and adaptive simulated annealing optimization algorithm are used to optimize the approximate model, and the two optimization results are analyzed and compared. Under the condition that the total thickness of glass is not changed significantly, the HIC value is reduced by 26.38 and the protection performance of automobile windscreen glass to pedestrian head is improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：U463.835
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本文編號(hào)：1918267