本文選題：車載堿液制氫機(jī) + 制氫速率��； 參考：《北京工業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著能源和環(huán)境問題的日益嚴(yán)峻,節(jié)能減排已經(jīng)成為車輛動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)未來發(fā)展的必然趨勢。氫氣具有良好的物化性質(zhì),向進(jìn)氣中摻混少量氫氣即能有效改善內(nèi)燃機(jī)熱效率,并降低有害排放,所以摻氫是改善現(xiàn)有汽油機(jī)性能的有效方法。然而,氫氣大量隨車儲存有安全隱患,且氫氣基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的匱乏也為車輛實(shí)際使用中加氫帶來了困難。使用車載堿液制氫機(jī)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)氫氣的隨車制取,從而解決了摻氫汽油機(jī)存在的氫氣加注與隨車存儲問題。車載堿液制氫機(jī)利用發(fā)電機(jī)提供的電能電解堿液制氫,因?yàn)閴A液制氫機(jī)自身的效率與制氫速率對摻氫內(nèi)燃機(jī)整機(jī)性能會產(chǎn)生明顯影響。本文利用試驗(yàn)的手段研究了金屬離子和添加劑對車載堿液制氫機(jī)性能的影響,并利用仿真的手段研究了優(yōu)化后車載堿液制氫機(jī)對摻氫汽油機(jī)轎車的整車經(jīng)濟(jì)性的影響。本文研究了車載堿液制氫機(jī)電解效率、制氫速率和制氫效率的影響因素,設(shè)計(jì)并完成了制氫測試系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)臺搭建。實(shí)驗(yàn)臺主要由電解槽、控制測量系統(tǒng)和冷卻干燥系統(tǒng)三部分組成,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對電解液濃度、電解溫度、電解壓力和電解電流的控制。針對向車載堿液制氫機(jī)加水帶入的金屬離子導(dǎo)致制氫效率降低的問題,在制氫測試系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)臺上研究了加入含不同濃度的Zn~(2+)、Fe~(3+)和Cu~(2+)溶液對車載堿液制氫機(jī)性能的影響。在電解電流為30A,初始溫度為19.7℃,電解壓力為0.1MPa條件下,電解2L質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為30%的KOH溶液與其對應(yīng)加入50m L含不同金屬離子濃度溶液進(jìn)行比較。針對摻氫汽油機(jī)轎車使用的車載堿液制氫機(jī)制氫效率偏低的問題,在制氫測試系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)臺上研究了加入添加劑對車載堿液制氫機(jī)性能的影響。重點(diǎn)研究了在電解電流為40A,初始溫度為23.7℃,電解壓力為0.1MPa條件下,向質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為20%、30%和40%的單位體積KOH溶液中加入0.3g重鉻酸鉀對車載堿液制氫機(jī)性能的影響。通過向KOH溶液中加入添加劑的方法優(yōu)化車載堿液制氫機(jī)性能。使用AVL Cruise軟件研究了優(yōu)化后車載堿液制氫機(jī)對摻氫汽油機(jī)轎車整車經(jīng)濟(jì)性的影響。金屬離子對車載堿液制氫機(jī)性能影響的試驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果表明:隨著電解的進(jìn)行,KOH溶液的電解溫度升高,在其它條件保持不變時(shí),電解電壓降低,制氫速率和制氫效率上升。向KOH溶液加入含Zn~(2+)、Fe~(3+)和Cu~(2+)的溶液后,Zn~(2+)、Fe~(3+)和Cu~(2+)濃度越高,對應(yīng)的電解電壓越高且隨時(shí)間延長的下降趨勢越小,制氫速率和制氫效率越低且上升趨勢越小。添加劑對車載堿液制氫機(jī)性能影響的試驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果表明:在質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)分別為20%、30%和40%的KOH溶液加入重鉻酸鉀電解電壓分別降低0.16V、0.19V和0.09V,制氫效率分別提高2.14%、2.78%和1.46%,制氫效率比分別提高5.23%、6.71%和3.47%。在質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為30%的KOH溶液加入重鉻酸鉀效果較好,可以有效提高制氫效率。優(yōu)化后車載堿液制氫機(jī)對摻氫汽油機(jī)轎車整車經(jīng)濟(jì)性影響的仿真研究結(jié)果表明:搭載優(yōu)化后車載堿液制氫機(jī)相比于搭載原車載堿液制氫機(jī)的汽油累計(jì)消耗量有所降低,改善了摻氫汽油機(jī)轎車整車經(jīng)濟(jì)性。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly severe energy and environmental problems, energy conservation and emission reduction has become an inevitable trend in the future development of vehicle power systems. Hydrogen has good physical and chemical properties. Mixing a small amount of hydrogen into the intake air can effectively improve the thermal efficiency of internal combustion engines and reduce harmful emissions, so hydrogen is an effective way to improve the performance of existing gasoline engines. In addition, there is a large number of hidden dangers in the storage of hydrogen, and the lack of hydrogen infrastructure construction is also difficult for the actual use of hydrogen in the vehicle. The electric energy electrolysis alkaline solution can produce hydrogen, because the efficiency and hydrogen production rate of the alkaline liquid hydrogen maker will have an obvious effect on the performance of the whole engine. In this paper, the effects of metal ions and additives on the performance of the vehicle alkali liquid hydrogen making machine are studied by means of experiments, and the optimization of hydrogen production by vehicle alkali liquid is studied by means of imitation. This paper studies the influence factors of the electrolysis efficiency, the hydrogen production rate and the hydrogen production efficiency of the vehicle hydrogen generator, designs and completes the construction of the experiment platform of the hydrogen production test system. The experimental platform consists of three parts, the electrolyzer, the control measurement system and the cooling drying system, which can be realized. The influence of adding different concentrations of Zn~ (2+), Fe~ (3+) and Cu~ (2+) solution on the performance of the vehicle hydrogen generator is studied on the test system of hydrogen production test system. The electrolysis current is 30A, the initial temperature is 19.7 C, the electrolysis pressure is 0.1MPa, the KOH solution of electrolytic 2L mass fraction is 30% and its corresponding adding 50m L with different metal ions concentration solution. The effect of adding additives on the performance of a vehicle base liquid hydrogen maker was studied. The effect of adding 0.3g potassium dichromate to the performance of a vehicle base liquid hydrogen producer in KOH solution with mass fraction of 20%, 30% and 40% under the condition of electrolysis current of 40A, initial temperature of 23.7 and 0.1MPa was studied. AVL Cruise software was used to study the influence of the optimized vehicle hydrogen generator on the economy of the hydrogen doped gasoline engine. The experimental results of the influence of metal ions on the performance of the car base liquid hydrogen generator showed that the electrolysis temperature of the KOH solution increased with the electrolysis. When the other conditions remain unchanged, the electrolysis voltage decreases, the hydrogen production rate and hydrogen production efficiency increase. After adding a solution containing Zn~ (2+), Fe~ (3+) and Cu~ (2+) to the KOH solution, the higher the concentration of Zn~ (2+), Fe~ (3+) and Cu~ (), the higher the corresponding electrolysis voltage and the decreasing trend of the decrease with time, the lower the hydrogen production rate and hydrogen production efficiency and the smaller the rising trend. The experimental results of the effects of additives on the performance of the car base liquid hydrogen maker show that the electrolytic voltage of KOH with 20%, 30% and 40% respectively decreases 0.16V, 0.19V and 0.09V, the hydrogen production efficiency is increased by 2.14%, 2.78% and 1.46% respectively, and the hydrogen production efficiency is increased by 5.23%, 6.71% and 3.47%. in the mass fraction of 30%, respectively. The effect of KOH solution added to potassium dichromate is better, and the efficiency of hydrogen production can be improved effectively. The simulation results of the optimization of the economic effect of the car based alkaline liquid hydrogen generator on the whole vehicle of the hydrogen doped gasoline engine show that the accumulative consumption of the gasoline in the vehicle base liquid hydrogen generator is lower than that of the vehicle carrying the original vehicle base liquid hydrogen generator. The hydrogen doped gasoline engine is economical.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：U464.136

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