本文選題：喇叭效應(yīng)　切入點(diǎn)：聲散射　出處：《東華大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著城市汽車數(shù)量的持續(xù)增加,城市交通噪聲污染的危害越來越明顯,影響著人們的正常生活。輪胎與路面噪聲是交通噪聲的一部分。在輪胎與路面接觸的附近區(qū)域,輪胎花紋表面與路面之間形成喇叭狀的開口,這個(gè)開口會(huì)對(duì)噪聲產(chǎn)生放大作用,我們稱這種作用為喇叭效應(yīng)。目前,國內(nèi)對(duì)于輪胎與路面之間的喇叭效應(yīng)的研究還處于試驗(yàn)階段,沒有太多的理論研究分析。本文在總結(jié)前人的研究成果的基礎(chǔ)之上,做了以下相關(guān)工作:首先,分析比較了不同類型花紋輪胎的噪聲放大作用的差異,然后分析了輪胎與路面喇叭效應(yīng)的聲指向性,最后分析比較了同種輪胎不同花紋溝參數(shù)對(duì)噪聲場分布的影響。在本文中,我們一共建立了三種種不同花紋類型的輪胎以及從三個(gè)不同變量的角度另外建立了三種相同花紋類型、不同花紋參數(shù)的輪胎。首先我們對(duì)三種不同花紋輪胎進(jìn)行聲學(xué)邊界元數(shù)學(xué)模擬分析計(jì)算,確認(rèn)了輪胎與路面之間喇叭效應(yīng)的存在、分析得到不同位置處的觀測點(diǎn)的喇叭效應(yīng)的強(qiáng)弱隨著軸向距離與周向距離變化的規(guī)律、了解到喇叭效應(yīng)的聲指向性;其次,利用Acoustic軟件分析計(jì)算了花紋槽的幾何參數(shù)對(duì)喇叭效應(yīng)的影響規(guī)律。經(jīng)過計(jì)算分析發(fā)現(xiàn):只要有輪胎存在時(shí),由于聲散射作用,輪胎與路面的喇叭口會(huì)形成噪聲增強(qiáng)機(jī)制;在我們的研究區(qū)域范圍內(nèi),觀測點(diǎn)相對(duì)于輪胎軸向距離的越大,輪胎噪聲的放大作用峰值越小;相對(duì)于輪胎周向距離越大,輪胎噪聲的放大作用峰值越小;噪音的指向性顯示喇叭效應(yīng)最強(qiáng)作用區(qū)域主要集中在輪胎正對(duì)噪聲源一側(cè)o?60的角度范圍內(nèi),但是背對(duì)聲源的一側(cè)也會(huì)有噪聲突變的情況。除此之外,我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)花紋槽的幾何參數(shù)對(duì)聲場的分布也有影響,分析比較得到如下結(jié)果:在低頻噪聲的時(shí)候,無論是花紋的拔模斜度還是花紋槽的深度,對(duì)噪聲的聲場分布沒有比較明顯的影響;但是在噪聲頻率較大的情況下,隨著拔模斜度的增加,噪聲的放大作用越為強(qiáng)烈,反之較弱;隨著輪胎花紋槽的深度的增加,輪胎噪聲放大作用越弱,反之越強(qiáng);輪胎胎冠呈圓弧狀時(shí),輪胎噪聲的放大作用會(huì)有所減小。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous increase of the number of urban cars, the harm of urban traffic noise pollution is becoming more and more obvious, which affects people's normal life.Tire and road noise is a part of traffic noise.In the area near the contact between the tire and the road surface a loudspeaker opening is formed between the tire pattern surface and the road surface. This opening will amplify the noise which we call the trumpet effect.At present, the research on the horn effect between tire and pavement is still in the experimental stage, and there is not much theoretical analysis.On the basis of summarizing the previous research results, this paper has done the following related work: firstly, the difference of noise amplification effect of different types of pattern tire is analyzed and compared, and then the sound directivity of tire and road horn effect is analyzed.Finally, the effects of different groove parameters on the noise field distribution of the same tire are analyzed and compared.In this paper, we have established three kinds of tires with different pattern types and three kinds of tires with the same pattern type and different pattern parameters from the angle of three different variables.Firstly, the acoustic boundary element analysis and calculation of three kinds of tire with different patterns are carried out, and the existence of horn effect between the tire and the road surface is confirmed.The influence of geometric parameters of pattern groove on horn effect is analyzed and calculated by Acoustic software.The results of calculation and analysis show that, as long as there is a tire, the noise enhancement mechanism between the tire and the road will be formed due to the sound scattering. The larger the axial distance of the tire is, the larger the observation point is relative to the tire axial distance in our research area.The smaller the peak value of tire noise is, the smaller the peak value of tire noise is relative to the circumferential distance of tire.The directivity of noise shows that the strongest effect area of horn effect is mainly in the angle range of the right side of the tire to the noise source, but there will also be noise mutation on the side of the back to the sound source.In addition, we also find that the geometric parameters of the pattern groove have an effect on the distribution of the sound field. The results are as follows: when the noise is low, whether it is the angle of the pattern or the depth of the groove,There is no obvious effect on the sound field distribution of noise, but when the frequency of noise is large, the magnifying effect of noise becomes stronger with the increase of the angle of drawing die, and the effect of noise is weaker; with the increase of the depth of grooves in tire,The weaker the tire noise amplification is, the stronger the tire noise amplification is, and when the tire crown is arc shaped, the tire noise amplification will be reduced.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：U461.51

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