本文選題：SUV　切入點(diǎn)：FLUENT　出處：《重慶交通大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：無論是對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)的燃油汽車還是當(dāng)今的電動(dòng)汽車,“節(jié)能環(huán)保”是汽車設(shè)計(jì)的永恒主題。當(dāng)前世界各國(guó)面臨嚴(yán)峻的石油危機(jī),加上汽車電池關(guān)鍵技術(shù)無法突破,使得石油這種不可再生資源暫時(shí)無法被完全被電能取代,因此設(shè)計(jì)低阻汽車具有重要意義。隨著我國(guó)汽車工業(yè)的發(fā)展,自主品牌汽車的崛起,汽車速度有了較大提升。有研究表明,汽車速度越快,風(fēng)阻越大,燃油消耗也越多,良好的車身外形能夠有效的減少汽車阻力,提升汽車的燃油效率。本文以某緊湊型SUV為原型,在CATIA中建立三維曲面模型,然后在ICEM中進(jìn)行非結(jié)構(gòu)四面體網(wǎng)格的劃分,將網(wǎng)格文件導(dǎo)入FLUENT中,采用Realizable k-?湍流模型和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)近壁面函數(shù)以進(jìn)行高精度模擬,最后將計(jì)算結(jié)果文件導(dǎo)入TECPLOT中進(jìn)行后處理。首先,本文介紹了無側(cè)風(fēng)作用下汽車外流場(chǎng)的模擬流程,并計(jì)算得到氣動(dòng)阻力系數(shù)和氣動(dòng)升力系數(shù)。然后對(duì)橫擺角β分別為6deg、12deg、18deg、24deg和30deg的五種側(cè)風(fēng)工況進(jìn)行模擬,模擬結(jié)果表明側(cè)風(fēng)作用下汽車的氣動(dòng)特性跟無側(cè)風(fēng)的相比有很大的不同,隨著橫擺角的增大,汽車的三個(gè)氣動(dòng)力系數(shù)均會(huì)不同程度的增大,尤其以氣動(dòng)側(cè)向力系數(shù)增幅最大。然后利用CATIA的數(shù)字建模技術(shù),選取了對(duì)汽車外形影響較大的五個(gè)關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),分別為:前風(fēng)窗角、后風(fēng)窗角,前部上翹角,離地間隙和尾部上翹角。然后將它們進(jìn)行了五因素四水平共16個(gè)模型的正交試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)得出了各個(gè)因素的最優(yōu)水平,將它們組合在一起得到優(yōu)化模型,同時(shí)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明后風(fēng)窗角和離地間隙是對(duì)汽車氣動(dòng)阻力影響程度最大的兩個(gè)因素。然后將最優(yōu)模型的四個(gè)因素固定,研究其中一個(gè)因素的變化對(duì)氣動(dòng)阻力的影響。最后對(duì)優(yōu)化模型進(jìn)行模擬計(jì)算發(fā)現(xiàn)阻力系數(shù)0.3506,比原車模型降低了6.98%,通過分析其速度分布圖,壓力分布圖和湍動(dòng)能分布圖并與原車模型對(duì)比,發(fā)現(xiàn)優(yōu)化模型的氣動(dòng)特性得到改善,找到了阻力系數(shù)減低的原因。最后在正交優(yōu)化模型的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)其進(jìn)行了二次優(yōu)化,設(shè)置了8deg的前臉傾角,把發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)蓋圓角半徑由200mm增大到300mm,仿真結(jié)果表明,二次優(yōu)化模型的阻力系數(shù)下降到0.3425,比正交優(yōu)化模型降低了2.3%。本論文優(yōu)化取得了良好的效果。
[Abstract]:Energy saving and environmental protection are the eternal themes of automotive design, both for traditional fuel vehicles and electric vehicles today. Countries in the world are facing a severe oil crisis, and the key technologies of automotive batteries cannot be broken through. The non-renewable resources such as petroleum can not be completely replaced by electric energy, so it is of great significance to design low-resistivity vehicles. With the development of automobile industry in China, the rise of self-owned brand cars. Some studies have shown that the faster the speed of the car, the greater the wind resistance, the more fuel it consumes, and the better the shape of the body can effectively reduce the resistance of the car. In this paper, a compact SUV is used as the prototype, a 3D surface model is built in CATIA, then the unstructured tetrahedron mesh is divided in ICEM, the grid file is imported into FLUENT, and Realizable k-? The turbulence model and the standard near-wall function are used for high-precision simulation. At last, the result file is imported into TECPLOT for post-processing. Firstly, the simulation process of the automobile outflow field without cross-wind is introduced in this paper. The aerodynamic drag coefficient and the aerodynamic lift coefficient are calculated, and then the aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle under crosswind action are different from those of the non-cross wind, when the yaw angle 尾 is 6 degg 12degg 18 degg 24deg and 30deg, respectively, the simulation results show that the aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle are different from those of the non-cross wind, and the results show that the aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle are different from those of the non-cross wind. With the increase of the yaw angle, the three aerodynamic coefficients of the vehicle will increase to some extent, especially the aerodynamic lateral force coefficient. Then the digital modeling technology of CATIA is used. Five key structural parameters, which have great influence on the automobile shape, are selected: the front wind window angle, the rear wind window angle, the front upwarping angle, the front wind window angle, the rear wind window angle, and the front wind window angle. Then the orthogonal experiments of 16 models with five factors and four levels were carried out, and the optimal level of each factor was obtained, and the optimized model was obtained by combining them together. At the same time, the test results show that the rear wind window angle and the clearance from the ground are the two most influential factors on the aerodynamic resistance of the vehicle. Then the four factors of the optimal model are fixed. The influence of one of the factors on the aerodynamic resistance is studied. Finally, the simulation of the optimization model shows that the drag coefficient is 0.3506, which is 6.98 lower than the original model. Compared with the original vehicle model, the pressure distribution diagram and turbulent kinetic energy distribution map show that the aerodynamic characteristics of the optimization model are improved, and the reasons for the reduction of the drag coefficient are found. Finally, the quadratic optimization is carried out on the basis of the orthogonal optimization model. The front face inclination angle of 8deg is set, and the radius of engine cover rounded angle is increased from 200mm to 300mm. The simulation results show that the resistance coefficient of the quadratic optimization model is reduced to 0.3425, which is 2.3 less than that of the orthogonal optimization model. Good results have been obtained in this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：U461.1

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