本文選題：汽車碰撞　切入點：頭部損傷　出處：《南京林業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：汽車的發(fā)明為人類的生活帶來了巨大的方便,但是隨著社會的發(fā)展,它在給人們帶來便捷的同時,也帶來了許多安全問題。近年來,交通事故中行人的損傷越來越受到醫(yī)療等各科研機構(gòu)的關(guān)注,事故發(fā)生時行人作為易受傷群體極易受到傷害。汽車—行人碰撞事故中,行人頭部損傷占身體各部位損傷總數(shù)的30%以上,是造成交通事故中行人死亡的主要原因。損傷還會導(dǎo)致人體各種能力的喪失以及后遺癥,對社會和受害人家庭都將造成巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。開展交通事故中行人顱腦損傷機理的研究具有十分重要的現(xiàn)實意義。本文以50百分位人體頭部有限元模型為研究對象,采用有限元法和實驗設(shè)計技術(shù),分析頭部組織材料性能敏感性對顱內(nèi)因交通撞擊而產(chǎn)生的壓力響應(yīng)。針對敏感性較高的顱骨、腦脊液、腦膜和腦組織材料參數(shù)進(jìn)行正交實驗設(shè)計,獲得最佳的參數(shù)匹配方案,并對優(yōu)化前后的模型進(jìn)行驗證對比,具體工作如下:1.有限元模型材料關(guān)鍵參數(shù)研究。基于課題組建立的50百分位人體頭部有限元模型,研究顱骨和腦組織材料特性,用多因子、多層次的因子實驗設(shè)計對頭部模型主要組成部分材料性能的敏感性進(jìn)行分析。進(jìn)一步證實顱骨、腦脊液、腦膜和大腦的材料性能對顱內(nèi)因撞擊而引起的壓力有重要的影響。并采用正交實驗方法,針對敏感性較高的材料參數(shù)進(jìn)行實驗研究,從中獲得最佳的參數(shù)匹配方案。本研究內(nèi)容對現(xiàn)有頭部碰撞損傷有限元分析提供了新的見解。2.頭部碰撞有限元模型有效性驗證。頭部碰撞損傷力學(xué)研究必須建立在完整的有限元模型有效性驗證和理論模型修正基礎(chǔ)上,該模型具有頭部詳細(xì)解剖學(xué)特征和材料屬性。通過廣泛使用的Nahum和Trosseille實驗驗證模型的動力學(xué)響應(yīng)及顱內(nèi)壓力,實現(xiàn)理論模型的修正,比較參數(shù)改變前后模型生物逼真度。3.典型面部碰撞交通事故案例分析。經(jīng)過有效性驗證過的有限元模型具有較高的生物逼真度,可用于汽車碰撞頭部損傷生物力學(xué)機理研究�？偨Y(jié)典型交通事故面部碰撞類型,仿真模擬常見碰撞情景的頜面部損傷,分析頭部顱內(nèi)壓、Von Mises應(yīng)力、剪應(yīng)力和應(yīng)變等生物力學(xué)參數(shù),對比腦組織耐受閾值,分析得出,面部碰撞的位置和方向是導(dǎo)致面部骨折位置和嚴(yán)重性的關(guān)鍵因素,而面部外傷中的骨折在一定程度上都與腦損傷(TBI)有關(guān),所以同樣也是TBI的關(guān)鍵影響因素。
[Abstract]:The invention of automobile has brought great convenience to human life, but with the development of society, it has brought people convenience as well as many safety problems. In recent years, The injuries of pedestrians in traffic accidents are paid more and more attention by various scientific research institutions such as medical treatment. Pedestrians are vulnerable to injury when accidents occur. Pedestrian head injuries account for more than 30% of the total number of injuries in various parts of the body, which is the main cause of death in traffic accidents. The research on the mechanism of pedestrian craniocerebral injury in traffic accidents is of great practical significance. In this paper, the 50 percentile finite element model of human head is taken as the research object. Finite element method (FEM) and experimental design technique were used to analyze the pressure response of head tissue material sensitivity to intracranial pressure caused by traffic impact. The parameters of meninges and brain tissue were designed by orthogonal experiment to obtain the best matching scheme, and the models before and after optimization were verified and compared. The specific work is as follows: 1. Research on the key parameters of finite element model material. Based on the 50 percentile human head finite element model established by the research group, the material properties of skull and brain tissue were studied. The multilevel factor experimental design was used to analyze the sensitivity of the material properties of the main components of the head model. The material properties of the meninges and the brain have an important influence on the pressure caused by the intracranial impact. The orthogonal experiment was used to study the sensitive material parameters. The best parameter matching scheme is obtained. This study provides a new opinion for the existing finite element analysis of head impact damage. 2. The validity of the head collision finite element model is verified. The mechanical research of head collision damage must be established. Based on the verification of the validity of the finite element model and the modification of the theoretical model, The model has detailed anatomical characteristics and material properties of the head. The dynamic response and intracranial pressure of the model are verified by the widely used Nahum and Trosseille experiments to correct the theoretical model. Comparing the biological fidelity of the model before and after the change of parameters. 3. Case study of typical face collision traffic accident. The finite element model verified by its validity has high biological fidelity. It can be used to study the biomechanical mechanism of head injury in automobile collision, summarize the type of facial collision in typical traffic accident, simulate the maxillofacial injury in common collision scenarios, and analyze the intracranial pressure of head and the Von Mises stress. According to the biomechanical parameters such as shear stress and strain, and comparing the threshold of brain tissue tolerance, it is concluded that the position and direction of facial collision are the key factors leading to the location and severity of facial fracture. Fracture in facial trauma is related to brain injury to some extent, so it is also a key factor of TBI.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：U467.14

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