本文選題：汽車覆蓋件　切入點(diǎn)：曲面劃分　出處：《哈爾濱理工大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展帶動了汽車制造業(yè)的發(fā)展,為了滿足汽車外形美觀度及性能的要求,汽車覆蓋件模具的更新速度逐步加快。但是,由于汽車覆蓋件模具具有外形結(jié)構(gòu)較大、曲率變化不均勻等特性,若模具整體采用一種加工方式進(jìn)行加工則會導(dǎo)致表面質(zhì)量差及加工效率低等問題,同時,也增大了汽車覆蓋件模具數(shù)控加工編程的難度。為此,本文針對汽車覆蓋件模具的曲面劃分、銑削力建模及刀具路徑規(guī)劃等方面展開研究。針對汽車覆蓋件整體加工存在的加工質(zhì)量問題,采用計(jì)算曲面離散型值點(diǎn)的主曲率、平均曲率和高斯曲率及K-means聚類算法對復(fù)雜曲面進(jìn)行劃分,并結(jié)合Voronoi圖算法對曲面邊界進(jìn)行提取,完成整體復(fù)雜曲面的分片劃分。針對球頭刀數(shù)控銑削加工過程,以瞬時剛性力學(xué)模型為基礎(chǔ),通過求解瞬時剛性力學(xué)模型中的未知量,建立刀具-工件切觸區(qū)域模型,并采用MATLAB軟件對刀具-工件切觸區(qū)域進(jìn)行仿真,結(jié)合坐標(biāo)變換建立銑削力模型。針對傳統(tǒng)刀具路徑規(guī)劃算法僅僅考慮刀具與工件之間幾何位置之間的關(guān)系,忽略物理因素對整個加工過程的影響這一問題,采用TSP問題來解決刀路軌跡規(guī)劃問題,并采用遺傳算法來解決TSP問題,選擇銑削力變動相對小的方向?yàn)榧庸し较?得到了規(guī)劃的刀具路徑,并采用MATLAB軟件對規(guī)劃的刀具路徑進(jìn)行仿真。通過傳統(tǒng)加工方法與優(yōu)化算法的對比實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了優(yōu)化算法規(guī)劃刀具路徑的正確性、可行性,并證明優(yōu)化算法規(guī)劃的刀具路徑加工的工件表面光順性更好,加工過程中所承受的平均銑削力更小。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of social economy has led to the development of automobile manufacturing industry. In order to meet the requirements of the beauty and performance of automobile appearance, the renewal speed of automobile panel die has been accelerated gradually. However, because of the larger shape and structure of automobile panel die, If the die adopts a machining method, it will lead to the problems of poor surface quality and low machining efficiency. At the same time, it also increases the difficulty of NC machining of automobile panel die. In this paper, the surface partition of automobile panel die, milling force modeling and tool path planning are studied. In view of the machining quality problem existing in the whole machining of automobile panel, the principal curvature of discrete value points of surface is calculated. The mean curvature, Gao Si curvature and K-means clustering algorithm are used to partition the complex surface, and the Voronoi graph algorithm is used to extract the boundary of the surface to complete the partition of the whole complex surface. Based on the instantaneous rigid mechanics model and by solving the unknown quantity in the instantaneous rigid mechanics model, the contact region model of the cutter and workpiece is established, and the MATLAB software is used to simulate the contact region of the cutting tool to the workpiece. Based on coordinate transformation, the milling force model is established. Aiming at the problem that the traditional tool path planning algorithm only considers the relationship between the geometric position of the tool and the workpiece, and neglects the influence of physical factors on the whole machining process. The TSP problem is used to solve the path planning problem, and the genetic algorithm is used to solve the TSP problem. The cutter path is obtained by selecting the direction in which the milling force is relatively small. The tool path is simulated by MATLAB software. The correctness and feasibility of the optimization algorithm are verified by comparing the traditional machining method with the optimization algorithm. It is proved that the workpiece surface smoothness is better and the average milling force is smaller when the tool path is processed by the optimized algorithm.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：U466;TG547

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