發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-12 10:12

  本文選題：汽油　切入點(diǎn)：質(zhì)量　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展進(jìn)步,成品油市場(chǎng)也隨之不斷擴(kuò)大。然而市場(chǎng)上的汽油質(zhì)量好壞兼而有之,劣質(zhì)油不單造成大量汽車出現(xiàn)質(zhì)量問題,還加重了汽車尾氣對(duì)空氣污染的程度。在發(fā)展低碳環(huán)保經(jīng)濟(jì)、實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)下,嚴(yán)格的環(huán)境法規(guī)和質(zhì)量要求推動(dòng)我國汽油產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不斷提升,這就需要有更加科學(xué)準(zhǔn)確的檢測(cè)技術(shù)為保障,更新更完備的檢測(cè)方法作為科學(xué)依據(jù),從而逐步完善質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系。本論文主要完成了以下研究,并從中獲得了一些新認(rèn)識(shí)：(1)對(duì)四川省車用汽油的質(zhì)量情況進(jìn)行了隨機(jī)抽檢,根據(jù)國家汽油標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和企業(yè)內(nèi)控指標(biāo)綜合分析了710組油樣數(shù)據(jù),發(fā)現(xiàn)目前市場(chǎng)上普遍存在使用非常規(guī)抗爆劑調(diào)和汽油的現(xiàn)象,證實(shí)了國家汽油標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中并未對(duì)汽油添加劑做出限量規(guī)定,提出了研究非常規(guī)抗爆劑對(duì)汽油質(zhì)量指標(biāo)影響的必要性。(2)根據(jù)N-甲基苯胺、甲縮醛、甲醇和碳酸二甲酯的危害性和檢出率,分析了它們給油品安全帶來的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度。結(jié)果表明,現(xiàn)階段四川省車用汽油質(zhì)量情況并不理想,部分油品疑為化工調(diào)和油,且大多數(shù)油品中都含有甲縮醛、N-甲基苯胺和甲醇,這樣的化工調(diào)和油存在較大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),必須采取措施防止此類油品流通于市場(chǎng)。(3)采用臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)、物相定量分析、化學(xué)分析和物理性能測(cè)試等方法,對(duì)比分析了幾種抗爆劑的作用效果以及對(duì)汽油各項(xiàng)理化指標(biāo)的影響規(guī)律。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,采用N-甲基苯胺等非常規(guī)抗爆劑雖然能有效提升汽油辛烷值,并具有巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,但它們對(duì)油品的揮發(fā)性、腐蝕性、安定性能方面可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生不良影響,所以應(yīng)限制這些非常規(guī)抗爆劑的使用。(4)通過使用中紅外汽油機(jī)分別進(jìn)行樣品和空白油樣加標(biāo)測(cè)試實(shí)驗(yàn),計(jì)算出檢測(cè)非常規(guī)抗爆劑的檢出限,分析該儀器的精密度和準(zhǔn)確度,并對(duì)該儀器測(cè)試的非常規(guī)抗爆劑含量進(jìn)行線性擬合分析,驗(yàn)證了中紅外汽油機(jī)可以較為準(zhǔn)確、可靠地定量測(cè)試出汽油中的非常規(guī)抗爆劑。(5)采用多維氣相色譜,通過觀察向基礎(chǔ)油中加入已知物質(zhì)后多維氣相色譜圖譜的變化規(guī)律,以此判斷分析汽油是否為化工調(diào)和油。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,多維氣相色譜法能區(qū)分出加入了化工廢料的調(diào)和油與直煉油,所以可以通過油品在多維氣相色譜圖譜內(nèi)的變化來判定油品中是否添加了化工廢料,從而提高油品質(zhì)量管理水平。(6)結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果及實(shí)際工作經(jīng)驗(yàn),提出了合理的快速檢驗(yàn)順序,為車用汽油的質(zhì)量檢驗(yàn)工作節(jié)約能源、節(jié)省資金提供有力的依據(jù),為快速準(zhǔn)確判斷油品是否合格提供了新方法與新思路。
[Abstract]:With the development and progress of modern industry and economy, the market for refined oil products is also expanding. However, the quality of gasoline in the market is both good and bad, and poor quality oil not only results in a large number of automobile quality problems. It also increases the degree of air pollution caused by automobile exhaust. Under the trend of developing a low-carbon environmental economy and achieving sustainable development, strict environmental regulations and quality requirements promote the continuous improvement of gasoline product standards in China. This requires more scientific and accurate detection technology as the guarantee, updating more complete detection methods as the scientific basis, so as to gradually improve the quality standard system. And gained some new understanding: (1) random sampling inspection of gasoline quality in Sichuan Province, and comprehensive analysis of 710 sets of oil sample data according to national gasoline standard and enterprise internal control index. It is found that there is a widespread use of unconventional antiknock agents to blend gasoline in the market at present, which confirms that there is no limit on gasoline additives in the national gasoline standards. The necessity of studying the influence of unconventional antiknock agents on gasoline quality index is put forward. According to the harmfulness and detection rate of N-methylaniline, methylaldehyde, methanol and dimethyl carbonate, the risk degree of their safety to oil products is analyzed. At the present stage, the quality of gasoline used in vehicles in Sichuan Province is not satisfactory. Some of the oils are suspected to be chemical blending oils, and most of them contain methylaldehydes, N-methylaniline and methanol. Measures must be taken to prevent the circulation of such oil in the market. The effects of several kinds of antiknock agents and their effects on the physicochemical indexes of gasoline were compared and analyzed. The experimental results showed that the use of non-conventional antiknock agents such as N-methylaniline could effectively increase the octane number of gasoline and have great economic benefits. However, they may have adverse effects on the volatility, corrosion and stability of oil products. Therefore, the use of these unconventional antiknock agents should be restricted. The detection limit of the unconventional antiknock agent is calculated, the precision and accuracy of the instrument are analyzed, and the linear fitting analysis of the unconventional antiknock agent content measured by the instrument is carried out, which verifies that the mid-infrared gasoline engine can be more accurate. The unconventional antiknock agent in gasoline was tested reliably and quantitatively. The multi-dimensional gas chromatography was used to observe the change rule of multi-dimensional gas chromatogram after adding known substances to the base oil. The experimental results show that multi-dimensional gas chromatography can distinguish the blending oil added with chemical waste from direct refining. Therefore, it is possible to determine whether chemical waste has been added to the oil by the change of the oil products in the multidimensional gas chromatogram, so as to improve the quality management level of the oil products. (6) combined with the experimental results and practical work experience, a reasonable and rapid inspection sequence is put forward. It can save energy and save money for the quality inspection of automobile gasoline. It also provides a new method and new idea for quick and accurate judging whether the oil is qualified or not.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：U473.11

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