本文選題：汽車風(fēng)振噪聲　切入點(diǎn)：連續(xù)開啟　出處：《湖南工業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)高速通車?yán)锍痰难娱L(zhǎng),以及城市群路網(wǎng)的不斷發(fā)展為人們的出行帶來極大的便利。與此同時(shí),由于長(zhǎng)時(shí)間高速行車中僅靠?jī)?nèi)循環(huán)進(jìn)行通風(fēng)換氣,會(huì)因缺乏新鮮空氣而造成乘員頭暈、精神不振等不適。開啟汽車側(cè)窗或天窗必然引起風(fēng)振噪聲,當(dāng)風(fēng)振噪聲的脈動(dòng)壓力頻率與人體固有頻率接近時(shí),亦會(huì)產(chǎn)生空腔共鳴,加劇引發(fā)耳鳴、心慌、頭暈等不舒適感。為追求更高的出行質(zhì)量,滿足人們對(duì)車輛乘坐舒適性的需求,預(yù)估分析車窗開啟下汽車最大風(fēng)振噪聲產(chǎn)生機(jī)理和精確開度,并運(yùn)用必要手段控制風(fēng)振噪聲顯得尤為重要。目前國(guó)內(nèi)外靜態(tài)工況的汽車風(fēng)振噪聲仿真計(jì)算已經(jīng)取得諸多進(jìn)展,為進(jìn)一步探究風(fēng)振噪聲形成機(jī)理并獲得汽車最大風(fēng)振噪聲的精確側(cè)窗開度,需要對(duì)側(cè)窗連續(xù)開啟工況進(jìn)行仿真模擬計(jì)算,而現(xiàn)有基于有限元法的數(shù)值模擬技術(shù)對(duì)動(dòng)邊界計(jì)算時(shí)存在網(wǎng)格質(zhì)量、計(jì)算精度不足等問題。因此,本文通過結(jié)合實(shí)車道路試驗(yàn)、風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)和基于弱可壓DCS方法,探討了汽車側(cè)窗連續(xù)開啟工況下的風(fēng)振噪聲產(chǎn)生機(jī)理和側(cè)窗精確開度,在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過添加附加裝置等措施,進(jìn)行了降噪優(yōu)化,取得了較好的效果。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:1.對(duì)某款車型進(jìn)行了實(shí)車道路試驗(yàn),以乘員耳邊位置為監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn),探究了駕駛員左耳、右耳、后排乘客左、右處監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)和在車窗關(guān)閉時(shí)、左前窗和左后窗不同開度工況下的聲頻特性分析。2.針對(duì)側(cè)窗連續(xù)開啟下的風(fēng)振噪聲計(jì)算,考慮空氣介質(zhì)的可壓縮性,將弱可壓縮模型與聲學(xué)計(jì)算方法DCS結(jié)合,應(yīng)用于簡(jiǎn)易車廂風(fēng)振噪聲計(jì)算,通過對(duì)比發(fā)現(xiàn)其數(shù)值仿真結(jié)果與試驗(yàn)結(jié)果較為接近,證明了基于弱可壓模型DCS方法在研究風(fēng)振噪聲問題上的準(zhǔn)確性。3.運(yùn)用弱可壓DCS方法對(duì)某款實(shí)車模型的側(cè)窗風(fēng)振噪聲機(jī)理及連續(xù)開啟工況風(fēng)振噪聲特性進(jìn)行了研究。通過分析車內(nèi)流場(chǎng)和壓力分布,闡述了汽車側(cè)窗風(fēng)振噪聲的產(chǎn)生機(jī)理。4.提出了實(shí)時(shí)開度等效替代法對(duì)計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行聲學(xué)后處理,獲得了聲壓級(jí)連續(xù)開度變化曲線,探明了汽車左前側(cè)窗和左后側(cè)窗最大風(fēng)振噪聲對(duì)應(yīng)的側(cè)窗開度,分別為318mm和282mm。5.根據(jù)風(fēng)振噪聲產(chǎn)生機(jī)理、仿生學(xué)以及最大風(fēng)振噪聲側(cè)窗開度,添加側(cè)窗降噪裝置,在后側(cè)窗前沿B柱處設(shè)計(jì)仿生可降噪溝槽進(jìn)行降噪,并采用多島遺傳算法進(jìn)行尋優(yōu),實(shí)現(xiàn)降噪2d B,效果較好。
[Abstract]:With the extension of high-speed mileage and the continuous development of urban agglomeration network, it brings great convenience for people to travel. The lack of fresh air will cause dizziness and mental infirmity of the crew. Opening the side window or skylight of a car will inevitably cause wind-induced noise. When the pulsating pressure frequency of the wind-induced noise is close to the natural frequency of the human body, the cavity will also resonate. In order to pursue higher travel quality and meet people's demand for ride comfort, it is estimated that the mechanism and accuracy of the maximum wind-induced noise produced by the car under the opening of the window will be analyzed. It is particularly important to use necessary means to control wind-induced noise. At present, many progress has been made in the simulation calculation of wind-induced noise of vehicles under static working conditions at home and abroad. In order to further explore the formation mechanism of wind-induced noise and obtain the accurate opening degree of the automobile maximum wind-induced noise, it is necessary to simulate and calculate the continuous opening condition of the side-window. However, the existing numerical simulation technology based on finite element method has some problems such as mesh quality and insufficient calculation precision. Therefore, this paper combines road test, wind tunnel test and DCS method based on weak compressibility. In this paper, the mechanism of wind-induced noise and the precise opening of side window under continuous opening of side window are discussed. On the basis of this, the noise reduction is optimized by adding additional devices and other measures. The main contents of this study are as follows: 1.A real road test was carried out on a certain type of vehicle, and the driver's left ear, right ear, rear passenger left, right side monitoring point and when the car window was closed were investigated, taking the position of the occupant's ear as the monitoring point, the driver's left ear, the right ear, the rear passenger's left side, the right side of the passenger, and when the car window was closed, Analysis of audio frequency characteristics of left front window and left rear window under different opening conditions .2. considering the compressibility of air medium, the weak compressible model is combined with the acoustic calculation method DCS for the calculation of wind vibration and noise under the continuous opening of the side window. Applied to the calculation of wind-induced noise of the aircarriage, it is found that the numerical simulation results are close to the experimental results. The accuracy of the DCS method based on the weak compressible model in the study of wind-induced noise problem is proved. 3. The wind-induced noise mechanism of a real vehicle model and the wind-induced noise characteristics under continuous opening condition are studied by using the weakly compressible DCS method. By analyzing the flow field and pressure distribution inside the vehicle, In this paper, the mechanism of wind-induced noise of side windows is described. Finally, the acoustical post-processing method of real-time equivalent opening substitution method is put forward, and the continuous opening curve of sound pressure level is obtained. The lateral window opening corresponding to the maximum wind vibration noise of the left front side window and the left rear side window is found out, which is 318mm and 282mm .5.According to the wind-induced noise generation mechanism, the bionics and the maximum wind-induced noise lateral window opening degree, the lateral window noise reduction device is added. A bionic noise-reducing groove is designed at the front B column of the rear side window to reduce the noise, and the multi-island genetic algorithm is used to optimize the noise. The noise reduction is achieved by 2dB, and the effect is good.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：U463.835

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