本文選題：隊(duì)列車輛　切入點(diǎn)：數(shù)值模擬　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國道路和汽車工業(yè)的發(fā)展,汽車的行駛速度不斷加快,汽車的數(shù)量逐漸增多,汽車的行駛條件變得越來越復(fù)雜。在遭遇側(cè)風(fēng)時,汽車高速轉(zhuǎn)彎,汽車過隧道,兩車相會,這些復(fù)雜情況將導(dǎo)致汽車之間產(chǎn)生氣流,會對汽車的行駛穩(wěn)定性和駕駛安全性產(chǎn)生重大的影響,嚴(yán)重時將導(dǎo)致交通事故。在山道上、高速公路上,大客車和小轎車尾隨的情況更是經(jīng)常發(fā)生。另外,對于大型客車,如果在山路,高速公路上遇到較強(qiáng)的側(cè)風(fēng),會極大地降低大客車的行駛安全性和側(cè)風(fēng)穩(wěn)定性。目前,國內(nèi)對汽車空氣動力學(xué)研究主要集中于單車方面,對隊(duì)列行駛車輛的流場分析較少。本文將采用數(shù)值模擬仿真以及風(fēng)洞實(shí)驗(yàn)的方法,通過改變隊(duì)列行駛車輛的間距以及側(cè)風(fēng)角度,重點(diǎn)研究間距、側(cè)風(fēng)角度的變化對于隊(duì)列車輛氣動特性和側(cè)風(fēng)穩(wěn)定性的影響規(guī)律,同時分析大客車尾流場壓力系數(shù)的變化情況,探索其尾流結(jié)構(gòu)的變化機(jī)理,為瞬態(tài)數(shù)值模擬仿真以及風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ),對未來智能交通系統(tǒng)自動駕駛以及多車自動編隊(duì)行駛具有基礎(chǔ)研究的意義。本文主要研究側(cè)風(fēng)下隊(duì)列行駛車輛的穩(wěn)定性,從側(cè)風(fēng)角度和隊(duì)列車輛行駛間距兩方面對大客車和廂式車進(jìn)行研究,本文的研究主要有以下四個方面:一、通過數(shù)值模擬仿真以及風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)研究了大客車單獨(dú)行駛時大客車外流場的空氣動力特性,分析了流場的變化趨勢,驗(yàn)證了仿真方案的正確性。二、通過進(jìn)行隊(duì)列車輛在幾種不同橫擺角下(β=0°、5°、10°、15°)的風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)以及數(shù)值模擬仿真,著重關(guān)注了側(cè)風(fēng)條件下大客車的氣動阻力、氣動側(cè)向力以及氣動升力的變化,驗(yàn)證了側(cè)風(fēng)下隊(duì)列行駛車輛數(shù)值模擬仿真方案的正確性。三、通過對比側(cè)風(fēng)作用下車身表面壓力分布,分別對其氣動特性和外流場進(jìn)行分析,分析了側(cè)風(fēng)下隊(duì)列行駛車輛的周圍流場變化,比較側(cè)風(fēng)對隊(duì)列車輛氣動特性的影響。四、進(jìn)行PSI壓力測試試驗(yàn),獲取側(cè)風(fēng)下隊(duì)列車輛在三種不同間距(0.6m、1.2m、1.8m)的風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),進(jìn)行大客車尾流場的氣動特性研究;重點(diǎn)研究尾流場壓力系數(shù)的變化,探索尾流結(jié)構(gòu)變化機(jī)理,分析了間距以及側(cè)風(fēng)強(qiáng)度對大客車尾流結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。
[Abstract]:With the development of road and automobile industry in our country, the driving speed of automobile is speeding up, the number of cars is increasing, and the driving conditions of automobile are becoming more and more complicated. In the face of crosswind, the car turns at high speed, the car passes through the tunnel, and the two cars meet each other. These complications will lead to airflow between cars, will have a significant impact on vehicle stability and driving safety, and in serious cases will lead to traffic accidents. The trailing situation of buses and cars is more frequent. In addition, for large passenger cars, if strong crosswinds are encountered on mountain roads and expressways, the driving safety and crosswind stability of buses will be greatly reduced. The research of automobile aerodynamics in China is mainly focused on the single vehicle, but the analysis of the flow field of the queued vehicle is less. The method of numerical simulation and wind tunnel experiment will be adopted in this paper. By changing the distance and the crosswind angle of the vehicles traveling in the queue, the influence of the distance and the crosswind angle on the aerodynamic characteristics and the crosswind stability of the queue vehicles is studied, and the variation of the pressure coefficient of the wake flow field of the bus is analyzed at the same time. The change mechanism of its wake structure is explored to lay a solid foundation for transient numerical simulation and wind tunnel test. It is of fundamental significance to the future intelligent transportation system (its) autonomous driving and multi-vehicle automatic formation driving. In this paper, the stability of the vehicles in queue under crosswind is studied. In this paper, there are four main aspects in the study of bus and van from the angle of cross-wind and the distance between the vehicles in the queue. The main contents are as follows: first, Through numerical simulation and wind tunnel test, the aerodynamic characteristics of the external flow field of a bus traveling alone are studied. The variation trend of the flow field is analyzed, and the correctness of the simulation scheme is verified. Through wind tunnel test and numerical simulation of queue vehicles at different yaw angles (尾 0 擄/ 5 擄/ 10 擄/ 15 擄), the variation of aerodynamic resistance, aerodynamic lateral force and aerodynamic lift of passenger cars under crosswind conditions are focused on. The correctness of the numerical simulation scheme of queue driving vehicles under crosswind is verified. Thirdly, by comparing the surface pressure distribution of the body under cross-wind, the aerodynamic characteristics and the flow field of the vehicle are analyzed respectively. In this paper, the variation of flow field around the vehicles traveling in queue under crosswind is analyzed, and the influence of crosswind on aerodynamic characteristics of queue vehicles is compared. Fourthly, PSI pressure test is carried out to obtain wind tunnel test data of queue vehicles under cross wind at three different distances of 0.6 mv 1.2 m-1 / 1.8 m). The aerodynamic characteristics of the wake field of a bus are studied, the variation of the pressure coefficient of the wake field is studied, the mechanism of the wake structure change is explored, and the influence of the distance and the cross-wind intensity on the wake structure of the bus is analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：U461.1

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