本文關(guān)鍵詞： 自卸車 主副一體式車架 動力學(xué) 路面激勵 優(yōu)化分析　出處：《太原理工大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：車架是自卸車的主要承載基體。在自卸車行駛過程中,車架要承受路面和動力傳動裝置等的激勵,當(dāng)車架的固有頻率與外部其他因素產(chǎn)生的激勵頻率傳遞至車架發(fā)生耦合時(shí),車架就會發(fā)生共振,這不僅會影響車架使用性能,甚至?xí)鸾Y(jié)構(gòu)和零部件的破壞和疲勞失效;車架外部激勵是車架動態(tài)特性分析的基本輸入,因此如何經(jīng)濟(jì)、方便、準(zhǔn)確地獲得外部激勵就成為車架動態(tài)特性分析的基本任務(wù);此外,車架作為基礎(chǔ)部件,其結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸是否合理在很大程度上影響整車的重心和動態(tài)特性等性能參數(shù)。因此,本文以DT002主副一體式自卸車車架為研究對象,在對車架進(jìn)行模態(tài)分析的基礎(chǔ)上,對整車數(shù)值動力學(xué)模型、多體動力學(xué)模型和實(shí)車試驗(yàn)測得的車架動態(tài)載荷歷程進(jìn)行了對比,并以車架一階模態(tài)和車架重量為目標(biāo),對其進(jìn)行了尺寸優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),進(jìn)一步實(shí)現(xiàn)了車架的低重心、輕量化設(shè)計(jì)。為了分析DT002車架的動態(tài)特性,本文首先利用六分力測量儀采集了實(shí)際路面載荷,經(jīng)過分析處理得到了路面載荷的頻域響應(yīng)譜,由結(jié)果可知路面激勵產(chǎn)生的車架動態(tài)響應(yīng)頻率大多在5Hz以下。其次建立了車架的有限元模型,對車架進(jìn)行了計(jì)算模態(tài)和試驗(yàn)?zāi)B(tài)對比分析,獲取其前十階模態(tài)特性,分析表明,除了二階與十階外,各階計(jì)算模態(tài)誤差均小于5%,其低階模態(tài)表現(xiàn)良好,避開了路面激勵頻率和發(fā)動機(jī)激勵頻率,驗(yàn)證了車架有限元模型的合理性;然后,為了得到在典型路面行駛狀態(tài)下車架的路面激勵,分別建立了整車動力學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)模型和多體動力學(xué)數(shù)字模型,進(jìn)行了整車場地及道路試驗(yàn),對模型的仿真結(jié)果進(jìn)行了對比分析,為車架的動態(tài)特性分析提供了基本的輸入;在上述分析的基礎(chǔ)上,對整車多體動力學(xué)數(shù)字模型在C、D級典型路面工況下的運(yùn)動進(jìn)行仿真分析,得到車架的動態(tài)應(yīng)力特性曲線,找出了車架最大應(yīng)力點(diǎn)位置;最后,在保持車架原有結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)的基礎(chǔ)上,考慮到車架結(jié)構(gòu)件板厚對其低階模態(tài)頻率和整車輕量化的影響,以板厚為設(shè)計(jì)變量,以整車質(zhì)量和一階模態(tài)頻率為目標(biāo),對車架主要部件進(jìn)行了靈敏度分析,以確定各部件板厚對車架整體性能的影響大小,而且對優(yōu)化后車架的靜態(tài)特性和模態(tài)進(jìn)行了校核。本文較為系統(tǒng)地對DT002一體式專用自卸車車架動態(tài)特性進(jìn)行了分析研究,為車架的下一步升級改進(jìn)、優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)提供了基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù),另一方面也為企業(yè)儲備了DT002車架的相關(guān)技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù),為今后整車的量產(chǎn)提供了技術(shù)參考。
[Abstract]:The frame is the main bearing base of the dump truck. In the driving process of the dump truck, the frame should bear the excitation of the road surface and the power transmission device, when the natural frequency of the frame and the excitation frequency generated by other external factors are transferred to the frame, There will be resonance in the frame, which will not only affect the performance of the frame, but also cause damage and fatigue failure of the structure and parts, the external excitation of the frame is the basic input of the dynamic characteristic analysis of the frame, so how to be economical and convenient, Accurate external excitation is the basic task of frame dynamic characteristic analysis. In addition, whether the structure size of frame is reasonable or not has great influence on the performance parameters such as the center of gravity and dynamic characteristics of the whole vehicle. In this paper, the frame of DT002 master and auxiliary dump truck is taken as the research object. On the basis of modal analysis of the frame, the dynamic load history of the whole vehicle, the multi-body dynamic model and the real vehicle test are compared. Taking the first-order mode and the weight of the frame as the target, the dimension optimization design of the frame is carried out, and the low center of gravity and lightweight design of the frame are further realized. In order to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the DT002 frame, In this paper, the actual road load is collected by using the six-component force measuring instrument, and the frequency response spectrum of the pavement load is obtained by analyzing and processing. The results show that the dynamic response frequency of the frame generated by the road excitation is below 5 Hz. Secondly, the finite element model of the frame is established, and the calculation mode and the test mode of the frame are compared and the first ten modal characteristics are obtained. Except for the second order and the tenth order, the calculation modal error of each order is less than 5, and the low order modal performance is good, which avoids the road surface excitation frequency and engine excitation frequency, and verifies the rationality of the finite element model of the frame. In order to obtain the road excitation of the frame under the typical road condition, the mathematical model of vehicle dynamics and the digital model of multi-body dynamics are established, and the vehicle field and road tests are carried out, and the simulation results of the model are compared and analyzed. On the basis of the above analysis, the dynamic stress characteristic curve of the frame is obtained by simulating and analyzing the motion of the multi-body dynamics digital model of the whole vehicle under the typical road condition. The position of the maximum stress point of the frame is found. Finally, on the basis of maintaining the original structure form of the frame, considering the influence of the plate thickness of the frame structure on its low-order modal frequency and the whole vehicle's lightweight, the thickness of the frame is taken as the design variable. Aiming at the whole vehicle mass and the first order modal frequency, the sensitivity analysis of the main parts of the frame is carried out to determine the influence of the plate thickness of each component on the overall performance of the frame. Moreover, the static characteristics and modal of the optimized frame are checked. The dynamic characteristics of the frame of the DT002 integrated dump truck are analyzed and studied systematically in this paper, which provides the basic data for the further upgrading and improvement of the frame and the optimization design. On the other hand, it also reserves the technical data of DT002 frame for the enterprise, and provides the technical reference for the mass production of the whole vehicle in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：U469.4

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本文編號：1520901