本文關鍵詞： 汽車 三元催化器 堵塞 圖像處理 流場仿真　出處：《吉林大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：汽車三元催化器作為排氣系統(tǒng)中的重要組成部分,對排放污染物的轉(zhuǎn)化率起著重要作用,同時其對發(fā)動機的運行效率也有較大影響。如果三元催化器堵塞,不僅會使汽車功率下降,增加燃油消耗量,同時由于發(fā)動機在高背壓條件下工作會產(chǎn)生大量的熱,容易使發(fā)動機發(fā)生故障,并產(chǎn)生大量的有害氣體,造成環(huán)境污染。針對這些情況,需要及時掌握三元催化器的運行狀況,對失效的三元催化器進行更換。因此,本文基于圖像處理技術提出了一種新的三元催化器堵塞狀況的評估方法。論文在綜述國內(nèi)外參考文獻的基礎上,基于圖像處理技術提出了一種新的三元催化器堵塞狀況評估方法;分析了三元催化器基本概念以及其失效形式,設計了催化器堵塞端面圖像采集平臺,通過該平臺得到了穩(wěn)定可靠的三元催化器載體端面圖像;對三元催化器端面圖像進行了預處理,得到了三元催化器端面的二值圖像,通過對二值圖像進行膨脹、腐蝕、開運算、閉運算等處理,確定了載體端面所在的區(qū)域并且得到了三元催化器完整的載體端面圖像;通過對三元催化器局部圖像的處理,驗證了本研究中圖像處理算法的有效性,為其實際應用提供了依據(jù);完成了三元催化器端面通過率、堵塞率的計算,計算結果與實際情況相符;通過對三元催化器內(nèi)部流場的理論分析,建立了三元催化器的三維模型,使用流體力學軟件對其進行網(wǎng)格劃分,對劃分完網(wǎng)格的模型進行仿真,得到三元催化器理想狀態(tài)下內(nèi)部流場的特征;對不同堵塞程度的三元催化器進行仿真試驗,得到了不同堵塞狀態(tài)下三元催化器內(nèi)部流場的特征,發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著堵塞率的增高,三元催化器內(nèi)氣體流速增加,進氣管的壓力增大,確定其對發(fā)動機運行工況的影響。論文研究成果可為進一步進行三元催化轉(zhuǎn)化器堵塞率量化研究及定量研究催化器堵塞對車輛動力性及排放影響規(guī)律提供技術支持,也為三元催化器的定量檢測工作提出了一種新的思路。
[Abstract]:As an important part of the exhaust system, the three-way catalytic converters play an important role in the conversion of pollutants, and also have a great impact on the engine efficiency, if the three-way catalytic converters are blocked. It will not only reduce the automobile power and increase fuel consumption, but also produce a lot of heat when the engine works under the condition of high back pressure, which will easily cause the engine to break down and produce a large number of harmful gases. Environmental pollution. In view of these circumstances, it is necessary to grasp the operation status of the ternary catalytic converters in time, to replace the failed three-way catalytic converters. Based on the image processing technology, a new method for evaluating the clogging condition of ternary catalytic converters is proposed in this paper, based on the review of references at home and abroad. Based on the image processing technology, a new method for evaluating the clogging condition of ternary catalytic converters is proposed. In this paper, the basic concept and failure form of the ternary catalytic converters are analyzed, and the image acquisition platform for the blocking end surfaces of the catalytic converters is designed, through which the stable and reliable end-face images of the carrier of the catalytic converters are obtained. The binary image of the end-face of the ternary catalytic converter is obtained by pre-processing, and the binary image is processed by expansion, corrosion, open operation, closed operation and so on. The region of the terminal surface of the carrier is determined and the complete image of the terminal surface of the carrier is obtained. The validity of the image processing algorithm in this study is verified by processing the local images of the ternary catalytic converters, which provides a basis for its practical application. The calculation of the pass rate and clogging rate of the end face of the three-way catalytic converter is completed, and the calculated results are in accordance with the actual situation. Based on the theoretical analysis of the internal flow field of the three-dimension catalytic converter, the three-dimensional model of the three-dimensional catalytic converter is established, and the model is meshed by using the fluid dynamics software, and the model of the three-dimensional catalytic converter is simulated. The characteristics of internal flow field in ideal state of ternary catalytic converters are obtained. The characteristics of internal flow field of ternary catalytic converters with different plugging conditions were obtained by simulation experiments. It was found that the gas flow rate increased with the increase of clogging rate. The pressure of the intake pipe increases. The research results can provide technical support for further quantitative study on the blocking rate of catalytic converters and for the quantitative study of the influence of catalytic converters on vehicle power and emissions. Hold. It also provides a new idea for quantitative detection of ternary catalytic converters.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：U464.134.4

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