【摘要】：禽畜糞便一直是國內外較難處理的難題之一,充分利用這部分資源后能帶來很大的經(jīng)濟效益。高溫好氧堆肥是目前處理家禽糞便的研究趨勢,利用高溫發(fā)酵降解禽畜類糞便的部分持久性有機污染物,滅殺禽畜糞便中的病原體,鈍化禽畜類糞便中的重金屬,降低重金屬的遷移轉化速率,使重金屬盡量少的進入食物鏈,減少對人體健康的損害。試驗中的雞糞采自甘肅省張掖市甘州區(qū),以甘肅省臨澤縣的凹凸棒粘土為鈍化劑進行高溫好氧堆肥。添加不同比例的凹凸棒土到禽畜糞便中進行高溫發(fā)酵堆肥,探索凹凸棒對堆肥發(fā)酵過程中重金屬的鈍化情況,用水、EDTA、DTPA和鹽酸四種林濾液萃取堆肥發(fā)酵過程中的重金屬,探索重金屬的濃度和重金屬有效態(tài)濃度的變化,通過多重比較和方差分析分析不同時間和不同處理間的重金屬濃度差異性以及重金屬的有效態(tài)與重金屬化學形態(tài)間的關聯(lián)性。實驗結果表明:(1)實驗過程中,在實驗初期溫度出現(xiàn)高低起伏的現(xiàn)象,即實驗初期溫度在第5天達到50℃,大約是堆肥發(fā)酵過程的最高溫度,可能是前期加入發(fā)酵劑的原因,但隨后溫度逐漸降低,偶爾出現(xiàn)溫度升高的現(xiàn)象。原因可能是堆體過小以及晝夜溫差過大,溫度偶爾升高,跟雞糞、凹凸棒、秸稈混合的均勻程度有關。(2)在堆肥過程中淋濾態(tài)重金屬的濃度變化呈現(xiàn)不同的趨勢,在堆肥發(fā)酵過程中不同淋濾態(tài)的重金屬Cr都呈現(xiàn)明顯的上升趨勢,堆肥腐熟后的濃度為堆肥初始濃度的2倍以上。不同淋濾態(tài)重金屬Cu在堆肥腐熟后比較堆肥初始濃度呈現(xiàn)小幅度的下降趨勢。不同淋濾態(tài)重金屬Ni和Zn在堆肥腐熟后的濃度基本保持不變或小幅度的下降趨勢。(3)淋濾態(tài)重金屬在堆肥前期的濃度變化大,后期重金屬的濃度變化較小,即淋濾態(tài)重金屬濃度變化基本在堆肥前期完成。淋濾態(tài)重金屬濃度在不同凹凸棒添加比例處理間A3、A6、A9間差異性顯著,在處理A9、A12、A15間的差異性不顯著,即雞糞堆肥凹凸棒添加質量分數(shù)超過25%時凹凸棒的添加對淋濾態(tài)重金屬的轉化沒有明顯的降低作用。雞糞堆肥過程中凹凸棒的添加對有淋濾態(tài)重金屬的降低有促進作用。(4)不同提取劑提取出的部分重金屬間關聯(lián)性P0.05,而鹽酸提取態(tài)和EDTA提取態(tài)重金屬Cr的關聯(lián)性P0.05,即在凹凸棒添加雞糞堆肥過程中淋濾態(tài)重金屬間不存在一定可靠的關聯(lián)性。(5)淋濾態(tài)重金屬與重金屬的殘渣態(tài)存在一定的負相關性,即殘渣態(tài)重金屬的濃度增加時淋濾態(tài)的重金屬會相應的降低。淋濾態(tài)重金屬與重金屬的酸溶態(tài)、氧化態(tài)、還原態(tài)的關聯(lián)性不統(tǒng)一,沒有某種淋濾態(tài)重金屬與重金屬的化學形態(tài)或者與其他重金屬的化學形態(tài)一定存在關聯(lián)性。
[Abstract]:Livestock manure is one of the difficult problems at home and abroad. High temperature aerobic composting is the research trend of poultry feces treatment at present. Some persistent organic pollutants in livestock manure are degraded by high temperature fermentation, pathogens in livestock excrement are killed and heavy metals in livestock excrement are passivated. Reduce the rate of heavy metal migration and transformation, make heavy metals into the food chain as little as possible, reduce the damage to human health. Chicken manure was collected from Ganzhou District, Zhangye City, Gansu Province. Attapulgite clay in Linze County of Gansu Province was used as passivating agent for high temperature aerobic composting. Different proportion of attapulgite was added to livestock feces for high temperature fermentation composting. The passivation of heavy metals in compost fermentation was explored by attapulgite, water, EDTA,DTPA and hydrochloric acid four kinds of forest filtrates were used to extract the heavy metals in compost fermentation. The variation of the concentration of heavy metals and the concentration of available state of heavy metals were explored. The differences of concentrations of heavy metals in different time and treatment and the relationship between available forms of heavy metals and chemical speciation of heavy metals were analyzed by multiple comparisons and variance analysis. The results showed that: (1) in the early stage of the experiment, the temperature fluctuated, that is, the initial temperature reached 50 鈩，

本文編號：2410524