【摘要】：針對宅基地新復(fù)墾土壤耕作層養(yǎng)分含量低、保水保肥性能差的問題,在氮磷鉀肥料平衡施用的前提上,通過田間定位試驗(yàn),研究冬小麥生長季添加粉煤灰(TC)、有機(jī)肥(TF)、熟化劑(TS)、熟化劑+粉煤灰(TSC)、粉煤灰+有機(jī)肥(TFC)、熟化劑+有機(jī)肥(TSF)對復(fù)墾土壤硝態(tài)氮運(yùn)移、累積情況與作物產(chǎn)量的影響。結(jié)果表明:添加熟化劑+有機(jī)肥和熟化劑+粉煤灰的處理能夠促進(jìn)表層撒施氮肥轉(zhuǎn)化為硝態(tài)氮,添加有機(jī)肥易導(dǎo)致硝態(tài)氮向土壤深層運(yùn)移,而添加粉煤灰則會減弱這一過程。熟化劑+有機(jī)肥處理在小麥生長初期耕作層能夠儲備較多的硝態(tài)氮,為后期小麥生長提供氮素。隨著時(shí)間的推移,添加單一改良材料土壤較添加復(fù)合改良材料土壤硝態(tài)氮累積效應(yīng)更為明顯。添加有機(jī)肥和熟化劑在復(fù)墾生土熟化過程中對小麥增產(chǎn)有重要作用,有機(jī)肥能有效減少小麥空稈率,提高成穗數(shù),粉煤灰在土壤熟化過程中對小麥增產(chǎn)作用不大,添加熟化劑+有機(jī)肥是處理宅基地復(fù)墾土壤熟化較為優(yōu)良的改良方法。
[Abstract]:In view of the problems of low nutrient content and poor performance of water and fertilizer preservation in the cultivated layer of newly reclaimed soil on the homestead, on the premise of balanced application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, the field location experiment was conducted to study the addition of fly ash (TC), in winter wheat growing season. Effects of (TF), maturation agent, (TS), maturation agent, fly ash, (TFC), maturation agent, (TSF) on nitrate transport, accumulation and crop yield in reclaimed soil. The results showed that the treatment of organic fertilizer and fly ash could promote the transformation of surface applied nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate nitrogen, and the addition of organic fertilizer would lead to the transfer of nitrate nitrogen to the deep layer of soil, but the addition of fly ash would weaken the process. At the beginning of wheat growth, organic fertilizer treatment could store more nitrate nitrogen, which could provide nitrogen for later wheat growth. As time went on, the effect of nitrate accumulation in soil with single modified material was more obvious than that with compound improved material. The addition of organic fertilizer and maturation agent plays an important role in wheat yield increase in the process of reclaimed soil maturation. Organic fertilizer can effectively reduce wheat straw rate and increase the number of spikelets, but fly ash has little effect on wheat yield increase during soil ripening. The addition of maturation agent organic fertilizer is a better method to deal with the maturation of reclaimed soil on the homestead.
【作者單位】： 陜西省土地工程建設(shè)集團(tuán)有限責(zé)任公司/陜西地建土地工程技術(shù)研究院有限責(zé)任公司/國土資源部退化及未利用土地整治重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室/陜西省土地整治工程技術(shù)研究中心;
【基金】：陜西省重點(diǎn)科技創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(編號:2016KCT-23)
【分類號】：S153.6
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本文編號：2410481