【摘要】：研究土壤團(tuán)聚體的組成及其有機(jī)碳的分布,有助于從微觀角度理解土壤結(jié)構(gòu)與功能的相互作用。采用干篩法和濕篩法,研究南方紅壤退化地實(shí)施人工恢復(fù)30年后,馬尾松與闊葉復(fù)層林(PB)、木荷+馬尾松混交林(SP)和闊葉林(BF)3種典型林分在0~60 cm土層的團(tuán)聚體組成及其有機(jī)碳分布特征,分析土壤團(tuán)聚體有機(jī)碳與總有機(jī)碳相關(guān)關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明:各恢復(fù)林分土壤機(jī)械穩(wěn)定性團(tuán)聚體質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù),以2 mm粒徑所占比例最大(均在60%以上),而在水穩(wěn)性團(tuán)聚體中,以0.05 mm粒徑占優(yōu)勢(shì)。不同林分土壤團(tuán)聚體結(jié)構(gòu)破壞率順序依次為BF(53.38%~84.27%)SP(52.22%~70.86%)PB(22.70%~47.83%)。機(jī)械穩(wěn)定性和水穩(wěn)性團(tuán)聚體有機(jī)碳質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)均以PB最高,隨著土層深度的增加,各林分土壤團(tuán)聚體有機(jī)碳質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)呈下降趨勢(shì)。水穩(wěn)性大團(tuán)聚體(0.25 mm粒徑)有機(jī)碳質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)總體高于相應(yīng)土層的總有機(jī)碳質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù),而微團(tuán)聚體的(0.25 mm粒徑)則低于后者,說(shuō)明有機(jī)碳對(duì)于大團(tuán)聚體的形成和水穩(wěn)性具有積極作用。土壤團(tuán)聚體有機(jī)碳與總有機(jī)碳的相關(guān)關(guān)系分析表明,土壤團(tuán)聚體有機(jī)碳的增加,對(duì)總有機(jī)碳的積累具有正面影響。保留密度大、灌木(草)層蓋度高的馬尾松與闊葉復(fù)層林土壤團(tuán)聚體的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量更高;因此,在紅壤侵蝕退化地森林恢復(fù)初期,可通過(guò)適當(dāng)密植、增加林下灌草覆蓋等措施,增加有機(jī)碳的輸入,促進(jìn)團(tuán)聚體的形成和穩(wěn)定,從而加速了退化土地的土壤結(jié)構(gòu)改善和功能恢復(fù)。該研究可為南方嚴(yán)重紅壤退化地生態(tài)恢復(fù)中的林分類型選擇和優(yōu)化配置提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The study of the composition of soil aggregates and the distribution of organic carbon can help to understand the interaction between soil structure and function from the microscopic point of view. Dry and wet sieving methods were used to study the effects of artificial restoration of red soil on Pinus massoniana and broad-leaved laminated forest (PB),) after 30 years of artificial restoration of red soil in southern China. The aggregate composition and organic carbon distribution of three typical stands of (SP) and (BF) in 0 ~ 60 cm soil layer of Pinus massoniana mixed forest were analyzed, and the correlation between soil aggregate organic carbon and total organic carbon was analyzed. The results showed that the content of soil mechanical stability aggregates in each restored stand was the largest (above 60%) in 2 mm particle size, while in water stable aggregates, the particle size of 0. 05 mm was dominant. The order of failure rate of soil aggregate structure in different stands was BF (53.38% 54.27%) SP (and 70.86%) PB (22.703%). The content of organic carbon in soil aggregates of PB was the highest in both mechanical stability and water stable aggregates. With the increase of soil depth, the organic carbon fraction of soil aggregates in different stands showed a decreasing trend. The mass fraction of organic carbon of water stable large aggregate (0. 25 mm particle size) was higher than that of corresponding soil layer, while the content of micro aggregate (0. 25 mm particle size) was lower than that of the latter. It is concluded that organic carbon plays an active role in the formation and water stability of macroaggregates. The correlation analysis of soil aggregate organic carbon and total organic carbon showed that the increase of soil aggregate organic carbon had a positive effect on the accumulation of total organic carbon. The quantity and quality of soil aggregates of Pinus massoniana and broad-leaved forest with high density and high coverage of shrub (grass) layer were higher. Therefore, in the early stage of forest restoration in the degraded land of red soil erosion, we can increase the organic carbon input and promote the formation and stability of aggregates by appropriate close planting, increasing the forest and grass cover, etc. Thus, the soil structure improvement and function restoration of degraded land are accelerated. This study can provide scientific basis for the selection and optimal allocation of stand types in the ecological restoration of degraded red soil in southern China.
【作者單位】： 南昌工程學(xué)院江西省退化生態(tài)系統(tǒng)修復(fù)與流域生態(tài)水文重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金“生態(tài)恢復(fù)對(duì)紅壤嚴(yán)重侵蝕地土壤水庫(kù)重建的影響與機(jī)制”(31160179) 江西省自然科學(xué)基金目“侵蝕紅壤碳吸存對(duì)植被恢復(fù)的響應(yīng)及其微生物學(xué)機(jī)制”(20151BAB204033) 江西省高等學(xué)校“十二五”水土保持與荒漠化防治重點(diǎn)學(xué)科培育基金“紅壤侵蝕地不同植被恢復(fù)模式對(duì)土壤團(tuán)聚體有機(jī)碳的影響”
【分類號(hào)】：S714.2

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