【摘要】：針對(duì)當(dāng)前黃土高原農(nóng)田土壤碳儲(chǔ)量低這一薄弱環(huán)節(jié),以黃土高原典型X土、黑壚土、黃綿土為研究對(duì)象,研究有機(jī)碳和養(yǎng)分庫(kù)構(gòu)成分布及穩(wěn)定性,為黃土高原農(nóng)田土壤碳儲(chǔ)量估算及合理施肥提供參考,結(jié)果如下:(1)顆粒有機(jī)碳占相應(yīng)土壤總有機(jī)碳的比例在上層(0-20cm)土壤高于下層(20-40cm),上層土壤有利于顆粒有機(jī)碳的積累,而下層土壤則有利于礦物結(jié)合態(tài)有機(jī)碳的累積;顆粒有機(jī)碳及其占總有機(jī)碳的比例與土壤有機(jī)碳含量呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系,土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)的積累主要以顆粒有機(jī)碳積累為主。(2)土壤層次(0-20cm、20-40cm)有機(jī)碳難降解指數(shù)(RIc)在50-89%之間,上層(0-20cm)土壤有機(jī)碳難降解指數(shù)(RIc)顯著大于下層(20-40cm)的,并且黑壚土RIcX土RIc黃綿土RIc。難降解性組分的變化可以改變土壤結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定性。(3)黑壚土剖面有機(jī)碳、全氮大致呈“S型”分布,耕層土壤有機(jī)碳、全氮含量較高,耕層以下呈明顯下降,而在壚土層出現(xiàn)一個(gè)小峰值,以下土層又繼續(xù)下降。全磷含量表現(xiàn)為“中低型”分布,在古耕層中全磷含量最低,耕層土壤全磷含量最高。全鉀含量在整個(gè)剖面分布表現(xiàn)為耕層含量高于古耕層高于壚土層高于鈣積層。無(wú)機(jī)碳含量分布呈“高—低—高”型,黑壚土耕層無(wú)機(jī)碳含量較高,隨著土層深度的增加(0-110cm)無(wú)機(jī)碳含量開(kāi)始降低,至壚土層無(wú)機(jī)碳含量最低,壚土層以下層次(110-320cm)又隨剖面深度的增加而開(kāi)始上升。(4)有機(jī)碳及養(yǎng)分在X土剖面中表聚現(xiàn)象明顯,并呈現(xiàn)相似變化趨勢(shì),表現(xiàn)為:耕作層(0-20cm土層)有機(jī)碳及養(yǎng)分含量最高,隨著土層深度的增加,含量逐漸降低,表現(xiàn)為耕作層含量高于黏化層高于鈣積層高于母質(zhì)層。無(wú)機(jī)碳含量分布呈“高—低—高”型,其中X土覆蓋層無(wú)機(jī)碳含量較高,隨著土層深度的增加,至粘化層時(shí)無(wú)機(jī)碳含量最低,至鈣積層時(shí)又迅速升高。(5)X土、黑壚土剖面顆粒有機(jī)碳及顆粒有機(jī)碳比例隨著剖面深度的增加而明顯減少,剖面土壤有機(jī)碳難降解指數(shù)(RIc)在42-89%之間,并且隨著剖面深度的加深而減少。因此本研究表明礦質(zhì)結(jié)合態(tài)有機(jī)質(zhì)比顆粒有機(jī)質(zhì)對(duì)X土、黑壚土、黃綿土土壤有機(jī)碳的積累作用大,以及表層土壤有機(jī)碳較易礦化、周轉(zhuǎn)期較短或活性高,穩(wěn)定程度低,而剖面下層土壤有利于礦物結(jié)合態(tài)有機(jī)碳的累積,多以穩(wěn)定形式存在,是重要的惰性碳匯庫(kù),隨土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)的積累,顆粒有機(jī)碳比例越高,有機(jī)碳中不穩(wěn)定部分也越高,因此可以用顆粒有機(jī)碳比例反應(yīng)土壤結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定性。難降解性組分變化也可以反應(yīng)土壤結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定性。
[Abstract]:In view of the weak link of low carbon storage in farmland soil on the Loess Plateau at present, the distribution and stability of organic carbon and nutrient pool were studied with typical X soil, black loessial soil and yellow soil on the Loess Plateau. The results are as follows: (1) the ratio of particulate organic carbon to soil total organic carbon in the upper layer (0-20cm) is higher than that in the lower layer (20-40cm). The accumulation of particulate organic carbon in the upper soil was beneficial to the accumulation of particulate organic carbon, while the accumulation of the mineral bound organic carbon in the lower soil. Particulate organic carbon and its proportion in total organic carbon were positively correlated with soil organic carbon content. The accumulation of soil organic matter was dominated by particulate organic carbon accumulation. (2) soil level (0-20 cm). The organic carbon index (RIc) of 20-40cm was 50-89%, the (RIc) of 0-20cm soil was significantly higher than that of 20-40cm, and the RIc RIc. of RIcX soil in black loessial soil was higher than that of 20-40cm. The change of refractory components can change the stability of soil structure. (3) the organic carbon in the section of black loessial soil is approximately "S-type", the total nitrogen content of the topsoil is higher, and the content of total nitrogen is obviously decreased below the tilling layer. However, a small peak occurred in the loessial soil layer, and the following soil layer continued to decrease. The distribution of total phosphorus in the paleoplough was the lowest, and the total phosphorus content in the topsoil was the highest. The total potassium content in the whole section was higher than that in the paleo-cultivated layer and higher than that in the loessial soil layer than in the calcium accumulation layer. The distribution of inorganic carbon was "high-low-high". The content of inorganic carbon in cultivated layer of black loessial soil was higher, and the content of inorganic carbon began to decrease with the increase of soil depth (0-110cm), and the lowest content of inorganic carbon was found in soil layer of loessial soil. (4) the accumulation of organic carbon and nutrients in X soil profile was obvious and showed a similar trend. The content of organic carbon and nutrients in cultivated layer (0-20cm soil layer) was the highest. With the increase of soil depth, the content of organic carbon and nutrients in tilling layer decreased gradually, which showed that the content of cultivated layer was higher than that of clay layer and calcium accumulation layer was higher than that of parent material layer. The distribution of inorganic carbon is of "high-low-high" type, in which the content of inorganic carbon in the cover layer of X soil is higher. With the increase of soil depth, the content of inorganic carbon in the clay layer is the lowest, and the content of inorganic carbon in the layer of calcium accumulation increases rapidly. (5) the content of inorganic carbon in the cover layer of X soil increases rapidly with the increase of the depth of soil layer. The ratio of particulate organic carbon and particulate organic carbon in the section of black loessial soil decreased obviously with the increase of depth of section, and the (RIc) of soil organic carbon in section was between 42-89%, and decreased with the depth of section. Therefore, the results showed that the mineral bound organic matter had a greater effect on the accumulation of organic carbon in X soil, black loessial soil and yellow cavernous soil than granular organic matter, and the surface soil organic carbon was easily mineralized, with shorter or higher turnover period and lower stability. The soil in the lower layer of the profile is favorable to the accumulation of mineral bound organic carbon, which exists in a stable form and is an important inert carbon sink. With the accumulation of soil organic matter, the higher the ratio of particulate organic carbon is, the higher the unstable part of organic carbon is. Therefore, the particle organic carbon ratio can be used to reflect the stability of soil structure. The change of refractory components can also reflect the stability of soil structure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S153.6;S158

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