【摘要】：我國(guó)作為世界上最大的稻谷生產(chǎn)地之一,稻谷的年產(chǎn)量約為1.2×108-1.9×108噸,稻殼作為谷物加工的主要副產(chǎn)品之一,占稻谷子粒質(zhì)量的20%左右[1]。于是,稻殼作為一種逐漸得到關(guān)注的產(chǎn)量大且成本頗低的可再生資源。另一方面,雞糞不經(jīng)處理直接施用問(wèn)題較多,雞糞中含有大量病原菌,是病毒傳播渠道之一,也容易招引地下害蟲(chóng),同時(shí)雞糞堆肥作為一種農(nóng)家肥料存在著發(fā)酵周期長(zhǎng)、氮素?fù)p失較為嚴(yán)重且容易產(chǎn)生惡臭等諸多問(wèn)題。鑒于此,本試驗(yàn)以稻殼和雞糞為研究材料,通過(guò)不同初始C/N、含水率和pH這三個(gè)堆肥影響因素進(jìn)行堆肥試驗(yàn),篩選出適宜稻殼與雞糞堆肥配比范圍。再通過(guò)添加過(guò)磷酸鈣、沸石、活性炭和菌劑進(jìn)行堆肥試驗(yàn),篩選出最佳調(diào)理劑,為稻殼堆肥資源化利用提供科學(xué)依據(jù)和技術(shù)指導(dǎo)。1.在研究初始C/N對(duì)雞糞與稻殼堆肥腐熟度影響時(shí),設(shè)置了5個(gè)處理,其初始碳氮比分別為15、20、25、30和35。結(jié)果表明堆肥時(shí)C/N為20時(shí),升溫最快,堆體大于50℃的高溫持續(xù)時(shí)間最長(zhǎng),為7 d。與我國(guó)制定的《糞便無(wú)害化衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(GB7959-87)》中,在堆肥進(jìn)程的中堆體溫度需達(dá)到50~55℃以上并且持續(xù)5~7d的要求相符[2]。種子發(fā)芽指數(shù)為91%,達(dá)到完全腐熟標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。所以雞糞與稻殼堆肥時(shí)C/N為20時(shí),較為適宜。2.在研究初始含水率對(duì)雞糞與稻殼堆肥腐熟的影響時(shí),水率為60%時(shí),堆體升溫最快,堆肥的第3d便進(jìn)入了高溫階段。且高溫持續(xù)時(shí)間最長(zhǎng),達(dá)到5天。到達(dá)我國(guó)《糞便無(wú)害化衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(GB7959-87)》的明確要求,全碳降低率最大。全氮含量增加率也最高,氮素?fù)p失低于其他處理。EC值最小,對(duì)植物抑制作用最小。種子發(fā)芽指數(shù)為89%,表明堆肥已完全腐熟。所以雞糞與稻殼堆肥時(shí)含水率控制在60%,較為適宜。3.在研究初始pH對(duì)雞糞與稻殼堆肥腐熟的影響時(shí),pH8的處理高溫持續(xù)5天。與我國(guó)《糞便無(wú)害化衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(GB7959-87)》相吻合,在堆肥停止時(shí)p H為8的處理p H到達(dá)8.6,符合腐熟堆肥pH,有機(jī)質(zhì)降解率最高,全氮含量增加率也最高,氮素?fù)p失低于其他處理。EC值最小,對(duì)植物抑制作用最小。種子發(fā)芽指數(shù)為91%,表明堆肥已完全腐熟。所以雞糞與稻殼堆肥時(shí)pH控制在8.24左右,較為適宜。4.在研究添加不同調(diào)理劑對(duì)雞糞與稻殼堆肥腐熟度影響時(shí),添加菌劑的處理升溫快,高溫持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng),種子發(fā)芽指數(shù)最高,控制氮素?fù)p失最高,在堆肥第27d已完全腐熟。所以添加菌劑進(jìn)行堆肥,不但可以獲得品質(zhì)更好的堆肥產(chǎn)品,還可以縮短堆肥時(shí)間,減少氮素?fù)p失。
[Abstract]:As one of the largest paddy production places in the world, the annual output of rice in China is about 1.2 脳 108-1.9 脳 108 tons. As one of the main byproducts of grain processing, rice husk accounts for about 20% of the grain mass. As a result, rice husk is a renewable resource with high yield and low cost. On the other hand, there are many problems in direct application of chicken manure without treatment. Chicken manure contains a large number of pathogenic bacteria, which is one of the transmission channels of virus, and it is easy to attract underground pests. Meanwhile, as a kind of farm manure, chicken manure compost has a long fermentation period. Nitrogen loss is more serious and easy to produce stench and many other problems. In view of this, using rice husk and chicken dung as the research materials, the composting experiment was carried out with different initial C / N, moisture content and pH, and the suitable composting ratio range of rice husk and chicken manure was selected. By adding calcium superphosphate, zeolite, activated carbon and fungicides to compost, the optimum conditioning agent was screened out, which provided scientific basis and technical guidance for the utilization of rice husk compost. 1. In order to study the effect of initial C / N on composting maturity of chicken manure and rice husk, five treatments were set up, and the initial C / N ratios were 15 ~ 20 ~ 2530 and 35 ~ 35 respectively. The results showed that C / N was 20:00 and the heating-up was the fastest when compost temperature was higher than 50 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2407990