水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖微生物絮團(tuán)形成過(guò)程的初步研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-30 11:28
【摘要】：生物絮凝技術(shù)是通過(guò)控制水體中C/N(15)使異養(yǎng)細(xì)菌利用水中氮素同化為微生物蛋白,形成可被濾食性養(yǎng)殖對(duì)象攝食的生物絮體,生物絮體即凈化了養(yǎng)殖水質(zhì)又能夠被養(yǎng)殖對(duì)象攝食,這與中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)高產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖池塘中存在著始于草食性魚類糞便的食物鏈有相似之處。因此本論文研究了在異位、原位中糞便向生物絮體的轉(zhuǎn)化的過(guò)程,并研究了在序批式反應(yīng)器(SBR)中利用養(yǎng)殖廢水中的無(wú)機(jī)氮轉(zhuǎn)化成生物絮體進(jìn)而形成顆粒污泥的過(guò)程。第一部分:羅非魚糞便在分解過(guò)程中形態(tài)和營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分變化實(shí)驗(yàn)采用新吉富羅非魚(Oreochromis niloticus)糞便在反應(yīng)器中轉(zhuǎn)化為生物絮體并觀察形成過(guò)程中結(jié)構(gòu)、粗蛋白、氨基酸、胞外聚合物變化。糞便在轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程中結(jié)構(gòu)變疏松,直至最終發(fā)展成以絲狀菌為骨架的生物絮體。隨著糞便的分解,自第4天開始,反應(yīng)器中氨氮濃度開始緩慢上升,第7天達(dá)到峰值7.46 mg/L,亞硝態(tài)氮也隨之升高至7.81 mg/L,并且硝態(tài)氮也開始快速增至21.6 mg/L。絮體粗蛋白含量在第九天達(dá)到最高值26.37%,總氨基酸在第7天達(dá)到最高值20.44%。絮體中的總氨基酸含量雖比糞便高,但比飼料中總氨基酸33.16%低。絮體疏松結(jié)合的胞外聚合物(LB-EPS)的主要成分是多糖,而緊密結(jié)合的胞外聚合物(TB-EPS)中蛋白質(zhì)是其主要成分。第二部分:生物絮凝養(yǎng)殖羅非魚中絮體性質(zhì)變化的過(guò)程在封閉養(yǎng)殖缸內(nèi),養(yǎng)殖新吉富羅非魚并添加葡萄糖作為碳源,觀察生物絮體形成過(guò)程。養(yǎng)殖缸內(nèi)硝態(tài)氮逐漸積累到77.09 mg/L,最終氨氮和亞硝態(tài)氮分別為1.55 mg/L、2.81 mg/L。絮體中粗蛋白和總氨基酸逐漸增加到37.55%和35.79%,且生物絮體的生物量逐漸升高到495.02 mg/L。絮體的SVI30先升高至74.97 ml/g后又降低至27.66 ml/g。絮體中松散結(jié)合的胞外聚合物以多糖為主,不利于絮體間凝聚,LB-EPS在起初含量較高為37.70 mg/g之后降低至12.05 mg/g。在緊密結(jié)合的胞外聚合物則以蛋白質(zhì)為主,TB-EPS含量先升高至403.86 mg/g,后又降低至116.17 mg/g。絮體在p H=6.0時(shí)硝化效果差,而在p H=7.5時(shí)硝化效果好。第三部分:好氧顆粒污泥處理水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖廢水在序批式反應(yīng)器(SBR)處理養(yǎng)殖廢水,并培養(yǎng)出好氧顆粒污泥(AGS)。絮體由起初的松散狀,漸漸發(fā)展成結(jié)構(gòu)緊密的顆粒污泥,其平均粒徑為150μm。當(dāng)總懸浮固體顆粒物在17.39 mg/L左右,SBR反應(yīng)器穩(wěn)定。SBR反應(yīng)器對(duì)硝態(tài)氮、活性磷、溶解性有機(jī)碳的有較高的去除率分別在96.10%、91.37%、92.79%以上,但對(duì)氨氮、亞硝態(tài)氮去除率有較大波動(dòng)。在一個(gè)典型SBR反應(yīng)周期內(nèi)好氧顆粒污泥在30 min內(nèi)快速吸收水中硝態(tài)氮、氨氮、溶解性有機(jī)碳。加熱法提取AGS的疏松結(jié)合的胞外聚合物較超聲波提取法多,而緊密結(jié)合的胞外聚合物較少。超聲波法提取的顆粒污泥內(nèi)TB-EPS含量較絮體中高,而絮體中LB-EPS含量較高。以上表明好氧顆粒污泥對(duì)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖廢水有較好的凈化效果。
[Abstract]:Biological flocculation technology is to control C / N _ (15) in water to assimilate heterotrophic bacteria to microbial protein from nitrogen in water to form biological flocs that can be fed by filter feeding objects. Biological floc not only purifies the water quality but also can be fed by the culturing object, which is similar to the food chain which started from herbivorous fish dung in the traditional high yield culture pond of China. In this paper, the process of transformation from feces to biological flocs in ectopic and in situ was studied, and the process of transforming inorganic nitrogen from culture wastewater into biological flocs in sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was studied. The first part: the changes of morphology and nutritional composition of tilapia feces during the decomposition process. The (Oreochromis niloticus) feces of New Giff Tilapia were transformed into biological flocs in the reactor, and the structure, crude protein, amino acids were observed during the process of formation. Changes of extracellular polymers. The feces were loosened in structure during transformation, and eventually developed into biological flocs with filamentous skeleton. With the decomposition of feces, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the reactor began to rise slowly from the 4th day, and reached a peak value of 7.46 mg/L, on the 7th day, and the nitrite nitrogen increased to 7.81 mg/L,. Nitrate nitrogen also increased rapidly to 21.6 mg/L.. The crude protein content of floc reached the highest value 26.37 on the ninth day, and the highest value of 20.44 on the 7th day. The content of total amino acid in floc was higher than that in feces, but lower than that in feed (33.16%). Polysaccharide is the main component of loose bound extracellular polymer (LB-EPS), and protein is the main component in tightly bound extracellular polymer (TB-EPS). The second part: the process of changing the properties of flocs in biological flocculation culture tilapia is in the closed aquiculture tank, and the formation process of biological flocs is observed by adding glucose as carbon source. Nitrate nitrogen accumulated gradually to 77.09 mg/L, in aquiculture tank. The final ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen were 1.55 mg/L,2.81 mg/L., respectively. The crude protein and total amino acids in the flocs increased to 37.55% and 35.79% respectively, and the biomass of the biological flocs increased to 495.02 mg/L.. The SVI30 of floc increased to 74.97 ml/g and then decreased to 27.66 ml/g.. The loosely bound extracellular polymers in the flocs were mainly polysaccharides, which were not conducive to flocs aggregation. The LB-EPS content decreased to 12.05 mg/g. after the initial content was 37.70 mg/g. In the tightly bound extracellular polymers, the protein was the main one, and the TB-EPS content increased to 403.86 mg/g, and then decreased to 116.17 mg/g.. The nitrification effect of flocs at pH 6.0 was poor, while that at pH 7.5 was better. The third part: aerobic granular sludge treatment of aquaculture wastewater in sequence batch reactor (SBR) treatment of aquaculture wastewater, and cultivate aerobic granular sludge (AGS). From the initial loose shape, the floc gradually developed into a compact granular sludge with an average particle size of 150 渭 m. When the total suspended solid particulate matter was about 17.39 mg/L, the SBR reactor was stable. The removal rates of nitrate nitrogen, active phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon in the SBR reactor were above 96.101.37% and 92.79%, respectively. However, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen fluctuated greatly. During a typical SBR reaction cycle, aerobic granular sludge rapidly absorbs nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon in water within 30 min. The loose bound extracellular polymer extracted by heating method is more than ultrasonic extraction method, but the tightly bound extracellular polymer is less. The content of TB-EPS in granular sludge extracted by ultrasonic method was higher than that in flocs, and the content of LB-EPS in flocs was higher. The above results indicate that aerobic granular sludge has good purification effect on aquaculture wastewater.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X714
本文編號(hào)：2395524
[Abstract]:Biological flocculation technology is to control C / N _ (15) in water to assimilate heterotrophic bacteria to microbial protein from nitrogen in water to form biological flocs that can be fed by filter feeding objects. Biological floc not only purifies the water quality but also can be fed by the culturing object, which is similar to the food chain which started from herbivorous fish dung in the traditional high yield culture pond of China. In this paper, the process of transformation from feces to biological flocs in ectopic and in situ was studied, and the process of transforming inorganic nitrogen from culture wastewater into biological flocs in sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was studied. The first part: the changes of morphology and nutritional composition of tilapia feces during the decomposition process. The (Oreochromis niloticus) feces of New Giff Tilapia were transformed into biological flocs in the reactor, and the structure, crude protein, amino acids were observed during the process of formation. Changes of extracellular polymers. The feces were loosened in structure during transformation, and eventually developed into biological flocs with filamentous skeleton. With the decomposition of feces, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the reactor began to rise slowly from the 4th day, and reached a peak value of 7.46 mg/L, on the 7th day, and the nitrite nitrogen increased to 7.81 mg/L,. Nitrate nitrogen also increased rapidly to 21.6 mg/L.. The crude protein content of floc reached the highest value 26.37 on the ninth day, and the highest value of 20.44 on the 7th day. The content of total amino acid in floc was higher than that in feces, but lower than that in feed (33.16%). Polysaccharide is the main component of loose bound extracellular polymer (LB-EPS), and protein is the main component in tightly bound extracellular polymer (TB-EPS). The second part: the process of changing the properties of flocs in biological flocculation culture tilapia is in the closed aquiculture tank, and the formation process of biological flocs is observed by adding glucose as carbon source. Nitrate nitrogen accumulated gradually to 77.09 mg/L, in aquiculture tank. The final ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen were 1.55 mg/L,2.81 mg/L., respectively. The crude protein and total amino acids in the flocs increased to 37.55% and 35.79% respectively, and the biomass of the biological flocs increased to 495.02 mg/L.. The SVI30 of floc increased to 74.97 ml/g and then decreased to 27.66 ml/g.. The loosely bound extracellular polymers in the flocs were mainly polysaccharides, which were not conducive to flocs aggregation. The LB-EPS content decreased to 12.05 mg/g. after the initial content was 37.70 mg/g. In the tightly bound extracellular polymers, the protein was the main one, and the TB-EPS content increased to 403.86 mg/g, and then decreased to 116.17 mg/g.. The nitrification effect of flocs at pH 6.0 was poor, while that at pH 7.5 was better. The third part: aerobic granular sludge treatment of aquaculture wastewater in sequence batch reactor (SBR) treatment of aquaculture wastewater, and cultivate aerobic granular sludge (AGS). From the initial loose shape, the floc gradually developed into a compact granular sludge with an average particle size of 150 渭 m. When the total suspended solid particulate matter was about 17.39 mg/L, the SBR reactor was stable. The removal rates of nitrate nitrogen, active phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon in the SBR reactor were above 96.101.37% and 92.79%, respectively. However, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen fluctuated greatly. During a typical SBR reaction cycle, aerobic granular sludge rapidly absorbs nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon in water within 30 min. The loose bound extracellular polymer extracted by heating method is more than ultrasonic extraction method, but the tightly bound extracellular polymer is less. The content of TB-EPS in granular sludge extracted by ultrasonic method was higher than that in flocs, and the content of LB-EPS in flocs was higher. The above results indicate that aerobic granular sludge has good purification effect on aquaculture wastewater.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X714
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