【摘要】：多年來(lái)以煤炭為主的能源消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)持續(xù)發(fā)展,導(dǎo)致我國(guó)PAHs(多環(huán)芳烴)排放量居高不下,直接造成土壤和大氣PAHs嚴(yán)重污染.為了探明PAHs在冬小麥體內(nèi)的積累過(guò)程和調(diào)控機(jī)制,在系統(tǒng)分析PAHs在冬小麥體內(nèi)的吸收、轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)和富集的基礎(chǔ)上,重點(diǎn)闡述了冬小麥PAHs根系吸收和葉面吸收影響因素方面的最新研究進(jìn)展.研究發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)小麥根系對(duì)PAHs的吸收包括主動(dòng)吸收和被動(dòng)吸收兩種方式,其中主動(dòng)吸收是一個(gè)載體協(xié)助、消耗能量、PAHs與H+共運(yùn)的過(guò)程;被動(dòng)吸收除了在高等植物中普遍存在的簡(jiǎn)單擴(kuò)散外,水-甘油通道也參與了該過(guò)程.(2)PAHs通過(guò)氣態(tài)、顆粒態(tài)沉降到小麥葉面角質(zhì)層或直接通過(guò)氣孔進(jìn)入葉片.(3)影響PAHs根系和葉面吸收的主要因素包括PAHs理化性質(zhì)、植物生理狀況、環(huán)境因素等.(4)小麥根系吸收的PAHs可以向地上部轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn),并且與辛醇-水分配系數(shù)(KOW)、蒸騰速率、土壤中氮的形態(tài)和濃度有關(guān).主要問(wèn)題:(1)對(duì)于小麥葉片吸收的PAHs向基運(yùn)輸機(jī)理有待進(jìn)一步研究.(2)農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中冬小麥往往遭受土壤及大氣雙重污染,根系吸收及葉面吸收分別對(duì)其體內(nèi)積累PAHs的貢獻(xiàn)尚不清楚.因此,需關(guān)注韌皮部、木質(zhì)部在PAHs轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)中所起的作用;利用同位素示蹤、雙光子激發(fā)顯微鏡等先進(jìn)技術(shù)觀察和跟蹤PAHs如何進(jìn)入小麥以及在小麥葉中的轉(zhuǎn)移和分布,闡明PAHs葉面吸收的微觀機(jī)理;注重大田試驗(yàn)研究,為揭示冬小麥對(duì)PAHs的吸收、積累及調(diào)控機(jī)理,同時(shí)也為有機(jī)污染地區(qū)生產(chǎn)安全農(nóng)產(chǎn)品提供重要依據(jù).
[Abstract]:For many years, the energy consumption structure and the sustainable development of economy and society, which is dominated by coal, has led to the high emission of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in China, and has directly caused serious pollution of PAHs in soil and atmosphere. In order to understand the accumulation process and regulation mechanism of PAHs in winter wheat, the absorption, transport and enrichment of PAHs in winter wheat were systematically analyzed. In this paper, the latest research progress on the influencing factors of PAHs root absorption and leaf surface absorption in winter wheat was reviewed. The results showed that: (1) the absorption of PAHs by wheat roots includes active absorption and passive absorption, in which active absorption is a carrier assisted, energy consumption, PAHs and H co-transport process; In addition to the simple diffusion that exists in higher plants, the water-glycerin channel is also involved in the passive absorption process. (2) PAHs passes through the gaseous state. Granular sedimentation into the horny layer of wheat leaves or directly through the stomata into the leaves. (3) the main factors affecting PAHs root and leaf surface absorption include the physical and chemical properties of PAHs, plant physiological status, (4) PAHs absorbed by wheat roots could be transported to the shoot, which was related to the transpiration rate of octanol-water partition coefficient (KOW), the form and concentration of nitrogen in soil. The main problems are as follows: (1) the transport mechanism of PAHs absorbed by wheat leaves needs to be further studied. (2) Winter wheat is often polluted by soil and atmosphere in farmland ecosystem. The contribution of root absorption and leaf surface absorption to the accumulation of PAHs in their bodies is unclear. Therefore, we should pay attention to the role of phloem and xylem in PAHs transport. Using isotope tracer and two-photon excitation microscope to observe and follow up the transfer and distribution of PAHs into wheat leaves and explain the microcosmic mechanism of PAHs leaf absorption. In order to reveal the mechanism of PAHs absorption, accumulation and regulation of winter wheat, and to provide an important basis for the production of safe agricultural products in organic polluted areas.
【作者單位】： 西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)資源環(huán)境學(xué)院;農(nóng)業(yè)部西北植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)與農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;河南城建學(xué)院市政與環(huán)境工程學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41571456) 河南省高校科技創(chuàng)新人才支持計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(14HASTIT048)
【分類號(hào)】：X173;X592

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