【摘要】：我國南方地區(qū)冷浸田面積大、分布廣、產量低,冷浸田具有物理性質差、有機質積累多、還原性強、土壤溫度低、有效養(yǎng)分缺乏、通透性差等一系列特點。本研究以我國南方地區(qū)7個省份冷浸田以及相應的非冷浸田為調查對象,調查冷浸田土壤理化性狀和生物學性狀,明確冷浸田的主要障礙因子,篩選冷浸田土壤質量評價指標,建立起土壤質量評價的最小數(shù)據集。研究結果對冷浸田土壤質量評價、土壤改良具有重要意義。主要研究結論如下:(1)冷浸田土壤有機質(44.04±1.52 g/kg)、全氮(2.27±0.08 g/kg)、C/N(11.34士0.26)均顯著高于非冷浸田,分別較非冷浸田高26.1%、11.2%、12.3%,冷浸田土壤全磷、全鉀、堿解氮、速效鉀含量與非冷浸田差異不顯著。冷浸田土壤速效磷(5.39±0.92 mg/kg)顯著低于非冷浸田,較非冷浸田低84.6%。冷浸田土壤含水量、有效鐵、有效錳、有效鋅、Fe2+、Mn2+、還原性物質總量含量均顯著高于非冷浸田,平均值分別為 45.13%、905.44 mg/kg、117.11 mg/kg、6.42 mg/kg、956.10 mg/kg、61.36 mg/kg、2.48 cmol/kg,分別較非冷浸田高 37.6%、91.5%、108.1%、17.0%、349.5%、143.1%、217.9%。(2)冷浸田土壤微生物生物量碳(228.24±69.37 mg/kg)、磷酸酶活性(95.31±11.62 mg/kg/h)均顯著低于非冷浸田,分別較非冷浸田低43.8%、25.2%;冷浸田土壤過氧化氫酶活性顯著高于非冷浸田,高出21.1%;蔗糖酶活性與非冷浸田相比無顯著差異。(3)冷浸田土壤線蟲數(shù)量為301.95條/100 g干土,顯著低于非冷浸田(584.31±151.30條/100g干土)。冷浸田與非冷浸田土壤線蟲群落組成以及營養(yǎng)結構相似,總體表現(xiàn)為植物寄生線蟲食細菌線蟲食真菌線蟲捕食-雜食線蟲。優(yōu)勢線蟲屬絲尾墊刃屬(Filenchus)、潛根屬(Hirschmanniella)以及常見屬頭葉屬(Cephalobus)、滑刃屬(Aphelenchoides)在我國南方水稻田廣泛分布。冷浸田土壤線蟲群落的多樣性指數(shù)(H')和豐富度指數(shù)(SR)總體顯著高于非冷浸田。(4)采用配對樣本t檢驗和主成分分析方法,結果表明冷浸田土壤質量評價的最小數(shù)據集為全氮、速效磷、有效錳、Fe2+、pH、豐富度指數(shù)(SR)6個指標,冷浸田土壤質量指數(shù)顯著低于非冷浸田。綜上所述,冷浸田土壤養(yǎng)分含量不低,但土壤水分以及還原性物質過多,因此水利工程改良是冷浸田土壤改良的首要任務,另外耕作改良和施肥改良也是提高冷浸田產量的重要途徑。
[Abstract]:The cold soaking field in southern China has a series of characteristics, such as large area, wide distribution, low yield, poor physical properties, accumulation of organic matter, strong reduction, low soil temperature, lack of available nutrients, poor permeability and so on. In this study, the soil physicochemical and biological characters of cold soaking field were investigated, the main obstacle factors of cold soaking field were determined, and the evaluation index of soil quality was screened. The minimum data set for soil quality evaluation was established. The results are of great significance for soil quality evaluation and soil improvement in cold soaking fields. The main results were as follows: (1) soil organic matter (44.04 鹵1.52 g/kg), total nitrogen (2.27 鹵0.08 g/kg), C / N (11.34 鹵0.26) were significantly higher in cold soaking field than in non-cold soaking field. The soil contents of total phosphorus, total potassium, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium in cold soaking field were not significantly different from those in non-cold soaking field, and the content of total phosphorus, total potassium, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium in cold soaking field were higher than that in non-cold soaking field, respectively. Soil available phosphorus (5.39 鹵0.92 mg/kg) in cold soaking field was significantly lower than that in non cold impregnated field and 84.6% lower than that in non cold impregnated field. The soil water content, available iron, available manganese, available zinc, Fe2, Mn2 and total content of reductive substances in cold-soaked field were significantly higher than those in non-cold-soaked field, the average values were 45.13 mg/kg,117.11 mg/kg,6.42 mg/kg, and 905.44 mg/kg,117.11 mg/kg,6.42 mg/kg, respectively. 956.10 mg/kg,61.36 mg/kg,2.48 cmol/kg, was 37. 6% higher than that in non-cold soaking fields, including 91. 5% 108. 1 and 17. 0% about 3. 34. 5% and 1. 43. 1% 217.9. (2) soil microbial biomass carbon (228.24 鹵69.37 mg/kg) and phosphatase activity (95.31 鹵11.62 mg/kg/h) were significantly lower than those in non-cold soaking field (43.8g / 25.2, respectively); (2) soil microbial biomass C (228.24 鹵69.37 mg/kg) and phosphatase activity (95.31 鹵11.62 mg/kg/h) were significantly lower than those in non-cold soaking field (P < 0.05). The activity of catalase in cold soaking field was significantly higher than that in non cold soaking field and was 21. 1% higher than that in non-cold soaking field. (3) the number of nematode in soil in cold soaking field was 301.95 / 100g dry soil, which was significantly lower than that in non-cold soaking field (584.31 鹵151.30 dry soil). The community composition and nutritional structure of soil nematodes in cold immersion field and non cold impregnated field were similar, and the general characteristics were plant parasitic nematode, bacterial nematode, nematode eating fungus nematode predation and omnivorous nematode. Dominant nematodes are widely distributed in rice fields in southern China, including (Filenchus), (Hirschmanniella), and (Cephalobus), (Aphelenchoides). The diversity index (H') and richness index (SR) of soil nematode community in cold soaking field were significantly higher than those in non cold impregnated field. (4) paired sample t test and principal component analysis were used. The results showed that the minimum data sets of soil quality evaluation in cold soaking field were total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available manganese, Fe2, pH, richness index (SR), and the soil quality index of cold soaking field was significantly lower than that of non cold soaking field. To sum up, the soil nutrient content is not low, but the soil moisture and reducing material are too much, so water conservancy engineering improvement is the primary task of soil improvement in cold soaking field. In addition, tillage improvement and fertilization improvement are also important ways to increase yield of cold soaking field.
【學位授予單位】：南京農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S159.2

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